Aromatic hydrocarbon

reaction with bromine and reaction with potassium permanganate. Combustion was used to test the unsaturation of hydrocarbon. The degree of unsaturation refers to the number of the rings and / or multiple bonds present in the hydrocarbon molecule (McMurry, 2015). Hexane was a saturated hydrocarbon, it completely combusted and emitted carbon dioxide plus water. Cyclohexene was an unsaturated hydrocarbon, it undergoes incomplete combustion (Clark, 2003) which showed the great intensity of light…

condensed liquid containing water and hydrocarbon was transferred to a graduated cylinder. A water layer with higher density was at the bottom of the cylinder. The volume of the water was then used in calculating the water content in the sample (using the density of water of 1g/cm3 ). Volatile hydrocarbon content: A known mass of sample was put in an oven (with ventilation) at 105°C for 24 hours. The reduction in mass indicated the moisture and light hydrocarbon content in the sludge. Fuel…

the generation of heat and light in the form of flame. The hydrocarbons become harder to ignite as the molecules get bigger. Combustion of alkanes with bigger molecule will produce more soot as the percentage of carbon of the molecule is higher. The amount of soot produced depends on the percentage of carbon in a hydrocarbon molecule. Hexane and cyclohexene produced very small of light soot due to smaller compound compared to toluene. Aromatic compounds like toluene are high in carbon content…

used in glow sticks to creat a type of bule-green color. Another example is, Rubrene, it is a red colored polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, which are organic compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen, and it shows a bright yellow light in glow sticks. So many more colors can be made such as green. 9,10-Bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene is an aromatic hydrocarbon, which is a hydrocarbon that contains sigma bonds as well as detached pi electrons in betweem the carbon atoms that forms a circle. It…

marijuana pipes, bongs, and vaporizers. Just like cigarettes, marijuana smoke has plenty of hazardous elements that can destroy your respiratory system. These include polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that are suspected to cause cancer. These toxins are the byproducts of combustion or burning. Studies have shown that patients who rely on medical marijuana can stay away from these problems by utilizing a vaporizer. In vaporization, the active elements of marijuana are released or turned…

and one hydrogen atom attached will produce ketone by oxidation (Kotz, et al., 2015) Aldehydes, the compounds that the carbonyl group has a hydrogen atom attached to it together with either a second hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group. Ketones are the compounds that two hydrocarbon groups are attached to the carbonyl-containing carbon. Apparently, the contrast between ketones and aldehydes is the presence of hydrogen atom attached to the carbonyl group which aldehydes have the hydrogen but not…

of continual discharge operations, regular storm water runoff, current sewer outflows and a wide range of industrial pollutants, the Gowanus Canal has turned to the most extensively polluted water body. The major toxins include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), coal tar wastes, heavy metals (mercury, lead and copper) and volatile organics (Gowanus Canal, Brooklyn, NY 11231, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2014). Thus, the contamination of the canal…

Dr. Andrzeij Sygula Research Dr. Sygula research is on polycyclic hydrocarbons called buckybowls. Due to their non-planarity, these moleules resemble fragments of fullerene, hence the name buckybowl. The smallest buckybowl to date is coronnulene, a non-planar hydrocarbon made up of five overlapping 1, 3-cyclohexadiene rings figure 1. The synthesis of coronnulene in lab is very challenging primarily because of the stress associated with the non-plannar molecule. Dr. Sygula’s lab accidentally came…

1.2.1 Refinery Processes It is impertinent to overlook at the refinery chemistry before describing the refinery processes. The chemistry is part of the refinery’s conversion section, which gets affected when the upgrading is considered. The conversion section purpose is to enhance the liquid fuels. There are two types of techniques under the section: a. Hydrogen addition technologies: Processes using this technology react hydrogen with the oil heavy products to enhance the H/C such that the…

Some of the many chemicals that are polluting the Chesapeake Bay are polychlorinated biphenyls (PBCs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides, and personal care/pharmaceutical products. PBCs are a flame retardant that cannot legally be made in the USA, but are legally imported and pollute the bay about evenly throughout. When gas, oil, or coal is burned, PAHs can be formed. PAHs are found mostly around Baltimore and near the Anacostia and Elizabeth rivers. Since agriculture is…