Alkane

different compounds. Using the retention time found on the chromatograms (see appendix) the compounds were identified according to their boiling point. In gas chromatography compounds with the lowest boiling point are always the first to elute. The alkane standard was used to construct the Kovats index, it contained pentane, hexane, heptane, octane and nonane. The purpose of building such an index is to estimate the number of carbons of the compounds absent from the blank solutions according to…

Functional groups 1 3972.43 0.0086 Unknown 2 3859.33 0.0412 Unknown 3 3805.79 0.0733 Unknown 4 3396.46 0.9280 Medium N-H stretch Amides, alcohols and amines 5 2987.43 0.2450 Medium C-H stretch Alkanes and acids 6 2946.27 0.2810 Medium C-H stretch Alkanes and acids 7 2912.38 0.2040 Medium C-H stretch Alkanes 8 2834.49 0.3170 Weak C-H stretch Aldehydes and acids 9 2524.07 0.0337 Medium O-H stretch Carboxylic acids 10 2226.40 0.0033 Weak C ≡C stretch Alkynes 11 2043.60 0.0059 Unknown 12…

Calibration 1: Text Cyclohexane is a six carbon cyclic alkane that is unusually stable compared to other cyclic alkanes. This stability can be seen by examining cyclohexane in its chair conformation. Since cyclohexane consists of all sp3 hybridized carbons, it ideally exists with 109.5-degree bond angles. If cyclohexane were planar, it would be forced to have 120-degree angels, and would therefore have angle strain. However, cyclohexane chair conformations are almost completely free of angle…

When a hydrogen atom of an alkane is replaced by halogens, they become an alkyl halide compound which can also be called haloalkanes. There are two types of reaction within the alkyl halides. When another atom replaces the halide ion, the reaction becomes a substitution reaction, and when the halide ion leaves with another atom or ion, it becomes an elimination reaction (Weldegirma, 2015). The substitution reaction can be divided into either electrophilic substitution or nucleophilic…

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The presence of only carbon and hydrogen in propane makes it a hydrocarbon. Hydrocarbons are alkanes, the simplest organic molecules. The basic formula for determining the ratio of carbon to hydrogen in an alkane is CnH2n+2. This is followed by propane because 2(3)+2 is 8. The smallest alkane is methane, and the eighth and the largest common alkane is octane, with 8 carbon. Carbon is essential for life because of its aforementioned ability to bond with other…

In experiment 2, we observed that the reaction of halogenoalkanes with aqueous alkali and water which contains dissolved silver nitrate. Halogenoalkanes are alkanes which have one or more hydrogen atoms replaced by halogen atoms such as fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br) and iodine (I) which are the elements in group 7 in periodic table. Halogenoalkanes have the general formula, RX, whereby R is an alkyl or substituted alkyl group and X is any of the halogen atom. Besides, halogenoalkanes…

was taken into consideration. The IR spectrum revealed peaks indicative of isopentyl acetate. Isopentyl acetate is comprised of a saturated ester with alkanes. The IR absorptions of this experiment were compared to the IR absorptions of standard functional groups as indicated by UCLA. The medium peaks between 3000-2850 cmˉˡ are characteristic of alkanes in the organic compound. The strong peaks between 1750-1735 cmˉˡ express the presence of carbon double bonded to oxygen in saturated esters.…

analysis between 400 – 4000 cm-1 range showed compound with characteristic absorption bands at 3432 cm-1 for alkyne group, 1614 cm-1 for olefin and 1513 cm-1 for arene , 1240 cm-1 for alcohol and phenol, 1159 and 1112 cm-1 for ether group, 1448 cm-1 for alkanes, 567 cm-1 for alkyl bromide which were closely similar to Catechin. No other visible peaks were observed in the spectra which indicate that a simple soxhlet extraction itself yields Catechin with fewer…

The ancillary process for methanol production is purification. The aim of purification process is to separate the methanol from any impurities such as water, alcohol, alkanes, etc. Methanol is transferred to storage tanks which is specially assigned for crude Methanol. The Methanol will then be feed to the next part of the operation which is purification. In two different distillation columns, Methanol is purify to achieve the product quality which is required. In the first column, low boiling…

Unknown A behave like alkane group that produced a clean flame and undergoes complete combustion to release carbon dioxide and water, while unknown B behave like alkene sustains incomplete combustion which produced a dirty flame that has more intensity of light and shoot.…