Alkane

In this experiment, pinacol was mixed with sulfuric acid, which protonated the pinacol, allowing it to form a better leaving group. Water is the leaving group off of the pinacol and the pinacol becomes a carbocation. The carbocation that is formed is a secondary carbocation so, rearrangement occurs. A methyl shift happens to form a tertiary carbocation, which is more stable than a secondary carbocation. Then, the remaining oxygen forms a double bond causing it to have a positive charge; allowing…

Abstract: The Grignard reaction was successfully accomplished. An amount of 1.20 ml of 2-methyl-2-pentanol was collected, and 9.60% yield was calculated based on the theoretical yield. Despite the low amount of 2-methyl-2-pentanol, its identity was confirmed by comparing the experimental refractive index and infrared spectrum to the literature refractive index and infrared spectrum of 2-methyl-2-pentanol. Statement and purpose The purpose of this experiment is to synthesize a specific alcohol…

Isolation of Caffeine from Teabags Purpose: The purpose of the lab is to separate caffeine from the teabags by using three techniques, extraction, recrystallization, and melting point determination. Procedure: 1. In the first step we have to brew a very strong cup of tea. Bring in two tea bags from home. Bring about 100 ml of water to boil in a 150 ml beaker. Add about tip of spatula full of sodium carbonate. Place the tea bags in the boiling water and let them steep for 7 - 10 minutes…

In the IR the first peak was a ketone functional group as indicated by a wavenumber of 1701 cm-1. The second peak was a phenyl functional group as indicated by a wavenumber of 1463 cm-1. The third prominent peak was an alkane functional group indicated by two different wavenumbers 2915 and 2850. Even though an IR proves to be helpful in determining the final product, in the case an IR proved otherwise as it did not help indicate the presence of the quantity for the phenyl…

stoves, stay warm by uses gas heaters, and so on. Although fracking is benefiting us, there are claims that it is also harming us. The claim is that fracking put contaminants like methane in our water. According to Wikipedia, Methane is the simplest alkane, and is the main component of natural gas. “Methane gas is bad in water because is flammable and explosive when mixed with air, and it can displace oxygen if released into a confined space, resulting in asphyxiation.” So why not this this…

Analysis: A1 vs. E1: Solubility with water (H2O) This test consists of two hydrocarbons, a cyclohexane and a cyclohexene, being added to water to test their solubility. Both the cyclohexane and cyclohexene reacted the same way after the water water was applied. Each chemical stayed afloat of the water although the physical/qualitative properties remained unchanged. The insoluble nature of the results in this test can be explained through the “like dissolves like” notion, where only polar…

The objective of this experiment was to identify an unknown sample by preforming classification tests such as: Bisulfite test, Schiff’s test, and Idoform test. Also, to confirm the identity of the unknown by melting point, IR spectroscopy, and 1H NMR. For the solubility test, 1 mL of deionized water was placed in a test tube. A few drops of the of the unknown was added to the test tube and mixed with a pipette. After a few minutes, the unknown was determined to be insoluble. Next, the Schiff’s…

Cutin,Waxes and Suberin Definition: There are lipophilic barriers in all plants that prevent the water loss and manage the movement of, solutes, and gases.Cutin waxes and suberin are these lipophilic barriers. (1) (2) Introduction: Cuticle is the protective and waterproofing covering that covers the plant organs and prevent water loss and entry of microorganism.Cuticle structural component is cutin. Suberin also act as a fence for the pressure from the environment and cutting and is formed…

The CEO of a large perfume factory needs to know the best way of safely transporting n-hexanol, which is used in manufacturing perfumes, to his factories. Therefore, the purpose of this experiment was to find the most beneficial way to transport an alcohol. Specifically, if transporting n-hexanol in hot or cold temperatures works best or if another alcohol should be used. A volatile liquid is a liquid that evaporates readily at room temperature or a liquid that has a measurable vapor pressure…

Is there any chance global warming, dramatic effects are changing the earth’s atmosphere slowly or rapidly? The industrial revolution begun in the mid- 17th century, it was a transition from agriculture era to manufacturing production era. This was the time where technology was improving and aspect of our daily life was changing. The first powered gasoline car (Benz Patent-Motorwagen) was made in 1807 and made by Karl Benz. Gasoline is made from fossil fuels, which is released into the…