Alkane

Crude oil is a complex mixture of various organic compounds, comprising of different hydrocarbons and heteroatomic compounds (Simanzhenkov and Idem, 2003). In addition to carbon and hydrogen, petroleum might contain sulphur, oxygen and nitrogen, and metals such as nickel, vanadium, iron, and copper. Crude oil physical and chemical compositions vary with location, depth and age (Rahimi and Gentzis, 2006). Physical composition of crude oil varies from black liquids of high viscosity to…

Our system began to create four.6 billion years past from a whirling mass cloud. provide or take a handful of million years, the gas cooled and joined to create giant bodies referred to as “protoplanets,” that later became the planets we all know these days. no matter was left when the planets shaped became comets or asteroids, strewn concerning everywhere the system. when a hundred million years, the big ball of gas at the middle of this whirling mass cloud hot and exploded during a vast…

Synthesis ofp-[1-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)-1-(p-Methoxyphenyl)Ethyl]Phenol (HMEP) 0.2 mol of phenol was mixed with the solution containing 100 mL of acetic acid in 200 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid in 500 mL five necked round bottom flask fitted with anoil bath, thermometer, mechanical stirrer, reflux condenser. The contents of the flask was stirred for a period of 15 min, the solution was heated to 65oC, 0.1 mol ofp-methoxyacetophenone was introduced into a dropwise to the solution for about 6 h…

in their lives that they would need to travel for. The videoconferencing is much more convenient. An additional step is to trim waste. Garbage that is buried in landfill produces methane, a chemical compound with chemical formula CH4, the simplest alkane and the main component of natural gas. Keep stuff out of landfills by composting kitchen scraps and garden trimmings, and reusing paper, plastic, metal and glass. Let manufacturers know you want products with minimal or recyclable…

The goal of this lab was to conduct the reaction of 2-methyl-2-butanol with HCl to form 2-chloro-2-methylbutane, and to understand Sn1 and Sn2 reactions, in terms of how they are different and why one is more likely to happen over the other. The OH group in 2-methl-2-butanol is attached to a tertiary Carbon, meaning the reaction should occur via Sn1, a two-step reaction, and Cl should replace the OH group, to form a tertiary halide. HCl was added to 2-methyl-2-butanol and then several…

to different temperature and takes the different types of fuel out by fractional distillation. Natural gas is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, but commonly including varying amounts of other higher alkanes, and sometimes a small percentage of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and/or hydrogen sulfide. You can find it under the ocean and near oil deposits. Natural gas is piped out similarly to oil and is refined the same way. Natural gas can be used to make…

Jadhav, SM, Shankarwar, SG, Chondhekar, TK.: Electrochemical synthesis of tetra alkyl ammonium salt stabilized gold nanoparticles. Synth. React. Inorganic, Met. Nano-Metal Chem. 42, 1369–1374 (2012) 9. Shon YS, Cutler E (2004) Aqueous synthesis of alkane thiolatedprotected Ag nanoparticles using Bunte salts. Langmuir 20:6626–6630. 10. Ashokkumar, S., Ravi, S., Kathiravan, V., Velmurugan, S.: Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of silver nanoparticles using Tribulus…

University, involves the use of a hydro-deoxygenation catalyst using supported noble metal nanoparticles. [8] Catalysts are extensively used in industry to facilitate and speed up chemical reactions. Hydro-deoxygenation is a reaction that can give alkanes as a final product that can be used directly as a fuel in conventional engines. This happens by removing oxygen from the biomass feedstock. To achieve that a catalyst is required that will aid in breaking the carbon-oxygen bonds in the biomass.…

show a stretch between 1620-1680 cm-1, but the frequency depends on the level of conjugation. The peaks approximately at 3050-3150 cm-1 shows the alkene (sp2 hybridized) CH stretch in figure 8. While, the downfield peak around 2840-3000 cm-1 is the alkane sp3 CH stretch. The peak approximately between 1300-1400 cm-1 indicates the CH2 bend. The difference between figure 5 and 8 is the presence of OH peak at 3342 cm-1 in figure 8 that clearly explains the pureness of cyclohexene. An…

This experiment’s aim was to find the alcohol with the highest energy output when burnt using specific heat capacity of calorimeters. This data gathered only partially supported the hypotheses stated. There is an apparent trend between the heat energy of the alcohols and the amount of carbon atoms in the alcohols in the graphs shown. The first experiment (first graph) shows the results of the tests with a controlled calorimeter height of 20 centimeters. This means that the calorimeter, rather…