Alkene

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    Conjugated Diene

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    Introduction A reaction in organic chemistry that involves a simultaneous 3 pi bond shift is Diels-Alder cycloaddition, where a conjugated diene and an alkene with an electron withdrawing group (a dienophile) will react to form two carbon-carbon single bonds at the expense of the one carbon-carbon multiple bond to most often form a 6 membered ring adduct (Ketcha, 106). A conjugated diene is a hydrocarbon the contains two carbon-carbon double bonds and a dienophile also means “diene-loving” (Ketcha, 106). There are two conditions for a cycloaddition reaction to occur. One is the carbon-carbon double bonds must be conjugated, and must also be in a cisoid form (Ketcha, 106). If a molecule is unable to shift into a cisoid, the reaction will not…

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    Br) in order to determine if Markovnikov’s rule is followed. In general, Alkenes are able to undergo addition reactions due to the strength of their C-C -bond (60-65 kcal/mol) which is lower than the strength of a typical -bond (80-100 kcal/mol) between Carbon and other atoms. Adding a reagent across the double bond results in an exothermic reaction because one -bond is replaced by two higher energy -bonds. Accordingly, the addition of HBr(aq) to 1-Hexene involves the protonation of 1-hexene and…

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    Alkene To Alkyne

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    The purpose of this two-part experiment was to convert an alkene to alkyne. This is difficult to accomplish in one step, thus a multi-step process was used to produce the alkyne. First, bromination of stilbene through the electrophilic addition of bromine to the double bond was performed through an SN2 reaction, as outlined in Figure 3. Pyridinium tribromide, the source of bromine, since elemental bromine is too corrosive and hazardous, was generated in situ (Figure 1). The bromine was added…

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    Hydroboration/Oxidation of an Alkene Introduction: An alcohol can be added across the double bond of an alkene via hydration, which is the addition of a proton and alcohol group to the double bond. This reaction can yield either a Markovnikov alcohol or an Anti-Markovnikov alcohol. If the reaction is carried out in acidic conditions, the reaction yields a Markovnikov alcohol. The mechanism includes the formation of a carbocation intermediate, which has a lower activation energy when it is…

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    When a hydrogen atom of an alkane is replaced by halogens, they become an alkyl halide compound which can also be called haloalkanes. There are two types of reaction within the alkyl halides. When another atom replaces the halide ion, the reaction becomes a substitution reaction, and when the halide ion leaves with another atom or ion, it becomes an elimination reaction (Weldegirma, 2015). The substitution reaction can be divided into either electrophilic substitution or nucleophilic…

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    The primary method of diene synthesis was used to report other reactions of this type for over 30 years. Diels and Alder reckoned the general widespread and nature of the Diels-Alder reaction and occupied most of their work and studies developing the consequences of the reaction. Kurt Alder focused attention towards the ease with which the reactions take place and the high caution of adduct. His early work involved the addition of cyclo pentadient to a p-quinone. The product of this reaction was…

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    Dehydrobromination of meso-Stilbene Dibromide Introduction This procedure was performed in order to synthesize an alkyne from meso-stilbene dibromide through double dehydrohalogenation. The removal of the two bromine and two hydrogen atoms allows for the formation of the carbon triple bond and thus the formation of an alkyne. The alkyne formed is diphenylacetylene. Data and Results The melting point of the product was measured to be between 60C and 62C. The actual melting point of…

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    Experiment 1: Alkanes & alkenes: Combustion and action of sulphuric acid. Objective: To make careful observations and compare the difference(s) between alkanes and alkenes. Introduction: Hydrocarbons are composed exclusively of oxygen and hydrogen. There are three types of homogeneous hydrocarbons (whose members differ by one CH2 unit): alkanes, alkenes and alkynes. The difference between these three groups is in the bond types between the carbons. Alkanes form only single bonds, alkenes…

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    Eugenol Lab Report

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    The lab instructions provided five components of cinnamon oil, of which one is the major component of clove oil. Of these five chemicals, only one, eugenol, has a phenol functional group. Because the IR spectrum of the distilled clove essential oil had a weak, broad peak around 3200 to 3500 cm-1, which corresponds to the hydroxyl/phenol functional group, there is evidence that eugenol is the major component of clove oil. Furthermore, since the IR spectra for the other four given chemicals would…

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    The dehydration of Cyclohexanol requires going through an acid-catalyzed elimination of water for the synthesis of cyclohexane from cyclohexanol. To get cyclohexane from cyclohexanol you must remove the cycloalkane with fractional distillation, drying with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and analyzed by GC data and the bromine test. The reaction we are trying to accomplish going from cyclohexanol to cyclohexene is a secondary alcohol going through an E1 reaction. This is the unimolecular…

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