RNA

a Nucleolus which mainly makes Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) and Ribosomes. When these Ribosomes are made, they are sent outside of the nucleus to make proteins. If the Nucleolus can’t produce Ribosomes, the cell won’t form together or produce proteins. The RNA is necessary in making proteins; it’s used to arrange Amino Acids into “special proteins” so that they can be used within the cell. This process is known as Protein Synthesis or Translation. The RNA can also be used to carry messages containing…

Being that RNA is single stranded and very unstable, even though RNA vectors are used, mostly DNA non-viral vectors are preferred for their stability. These vectors tend to have barriers associated with the cell membranes of the target cells due to the charge difference associated with the…

Support the Endosymbiotic Theory Gianna Melendez Chamberlain College of Nursing Support the Endosymbiotic Theory The endosymbiotic theory proposes that eukaryotes formed from the union of small aerobic prokaryotes with larger anaerobic prokaryotes, which form organelles. The smaller prokaryotes were not destroyed by the larger cells, but instead became internal parasites that remained surrounded by a vesicular membrane of the host. The theory proposed that mitochondria are the…

GBM Satellite Lesions & Chemokines: Go or Grow Hypothesis Oncolytic virotherapy therefore offers one strategy to target cancer. Oncolytic viruses take advantage of the natural propensity of cancer cells to provide an optimal state for viral replication. After infection of tumor cells, oncolytic virus replication generates progeny that are released by cytolysis to infect nearby tumor cells, amplifying the therapeutic payload throughout the tumor and potentially reaching distal cells…

Microtubules, which are made of protein subunits called tubulin, are the thickest of all three cytoskeletal filaments. Microtubules are mainly serving as the paths along which vesicles are guided in their travels to various destinations, and are responsible for associating with motor proteins attached to the vesicles. Microtubules can also expand or shrink in length in order to establish dynamic structures that can efficiently change the internal organization of the cell, and capture organelles…

produce proteins from DNA a process referred as the central dogma is needed to convert DNA instructions to proteins. The central dogma explain the flow of genetic material; starting with replication of DNA then transcription of DNA to RNA and finally translation from RNA to protein. DNA replication is needed to conserve the continuous gene expression. In most prokaryotes and eukaryotes DNA is double stranded, and during replication the strands split in half…

when” dominant strains from the previous year have changed its surface structure enough to make the effectiveness of the flu vaccine recently developed” (4), greatly diminished. All types of influenza viruses will mutate but unlike DNA viruses, this RNA virus lacks the capability to repair these errors because it does not have a self correcting mechanism (2). Because the influenza…

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is an idiopathic neurodegenerative disease that may result in death within two to three years of onset. It is a motor neuron disease that rapidly attacks and deteriorates the somatic neurons. Since it is idiopathic, science and medicine do not know much about it and have only been able to speculate at any sort of cause. Presently, there is no cure for ALS, and treatment options are severely limited. Also, there is no test for ALS, and it is only diagnosed when…

1. The authors studied this topic to investigate if the cohesion complex has any influence on chromosome instability and if it does, how to correct it. This is important because chromosome instability is proposed to be a major contributor to the acceleration of cancer cell evolution1, and as a previously overlooked source, cohesion fatigue can induce chromosome instability. The authors focused on the cohesion complex in this study since in a previous study they identified that a certain protein,…

Basic Anatomy and Physiology 02/15/2016 Unit 1 Chapter 1*3 1. Describe homeostasis and give three specific examples in the human body. Homeostasis is a systems that helps regulates the body systems and maintains keeping it stable. It also determines that it is used to name processes within living organisms. It?s constantly used to apply which is automatic control systems also known as thermostats. Occasionally recommends a sensor to capture changes in the condition to be regulated by the…