RNA

Biological parameters were evaluated for the early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis . The most useful are enumeration of white blood cells (WBC ), total number of neutrophils (TN), the immature relative to the total neutrophils (I / T) and C-reactive protein (CRP) . [ 4-7] However, despite the number of available tests, none of them is absolutely reliable for early and accurate diagnosis . Several cytokines, such as IL -1B , IL-6 , IL- 8 and TNF -a are important mediators in the systemic host…

As well as DNA, RNA molecules are also able to absorb UV light at 260nm as they contain amino acids, therefore, they both contributed to the total result. Agarose Gel Electrophoresis of DAT VNTR PCR Products DNA denatures causing a smear as when the gene is…

They are made within the nucleolus from 60% RNA and 40% protein, and consist of two subunits, one large and one small. When produced, the subunits stay separate to exit through the nuclear pores: it is only because of their miniscule size that they can fit through. Many ribosomes then bind themselves to the RER, although some stay free in the cytoplasm. Free and bound ribosomes both create polypeptide chains, which are used to make proteins. To create a polypeptide chain the large and small…

In recent years the field of virology has seen substantial growth as virus have now become a more widely researched subject. It was not too long ago relatively speaking that viruses were more or less an unknown entity, as many facts about viruses were unknown to the days researchers. Now however much more is known about what viruses are and how they work; more importantly it is known that viral agents are one of the leading causes of disease. Once it was established that they did in fact…

First encountered in African monkeys by biomedical scientists in 1967, the Ebola virus, part of the negative-stranded RNA viruses, known as filoviridae, according to the journal of infectious diseases, is the only known virus family in which scientists have profound ignorance . Specifically speaking, scientists are not aware of the tactics active in the nature of the virus’ agents, their pathogenesis, and virology . However, during the 2014 epidemic—which killed more than 9,600 people and caused…

Phosphorus is the fifteenth element on the periodic table. It has fifteen protons, sixteen neutrons, and fifteen electrons. It has a mass number of 30.97 and an atomic number of fifteen. Its element symbol is “P.” Phosphorus was discovered by Hennig Brandt in Hamburg in the year 1669. Hennig evaporated urine and heated the residue left behind until it was red hot. This was where the phosphorus vapor was distilled, which he then collected by condensing it into water. Hennig kept his discovery a…

secrete antibodies. It also prevents helper T cells from activating CD8 cells that are cytotoxic T cells which are antiviral cells. (van Baarle et al) HIV carries single-stranded RNA that, when coupled with reverse transcriptase, creates HIV DNA. When HIV enters the body, it attaches and fuses with the host cell. After the RNA is converted to DNA, it uses the host cell’s components to replicate the virus over and over again. Mature copies leave the cell and go on to infect other cells.…

Biotechnology is the exploitation of biological processes for industrial and other purposes, especially the genetic manipulation of micro-organisms for the production of antibiotics, hormones and more or any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use (United Nations, 2012). Will the application of biotechnology in gene therapy be the solution for people that suffer from Chronic…

DNA has short segments, which are called genes. The transcription of these genes gives the mRNA fragments, which, after translation, gives active product like proteins or other forms of RNAs. Briefly, it can be said that DNA is a basic heredity material in most of the organisms on this planet. Structure of DNA: The double helical structure of DNA has been discovered in 1953 by the collective efforts of many scientists but two most important…

1. Why is the cell theory significant (don’t just state the tenets, explain what it means and why it is a theory)? The cell theory is significant because of it’s three basic ideals or principles. The first is that all organisms are made from cells. This means that cells are the building blocks of life and technically, all of life is connected and related to each other by this tenet. In addition, by researching and examine one type of cell, the results can be assumed for all similar types of…