Introduction Every living organism has specific instructions to produced certain proteins. DNA is the blueprint of every living organism, which instruct the cells what amino acids to produce. DNA is a nucleic acid conformed of sugar, phosphate group and nitrogen base. For the cells to produce proteins from DNA a process referred as the central dogma is needed to convert DNA instructions to proteins. The central dogma explain the flow of genetic material; starting with replication of DNA then transcription of DNA to RNA and finally translation from RNA to protein. DNA replication is needed to conserve the continuous gene expression. In most prokaryotes and eukaryotes DNA is double stranded, and during replication the strands split in half
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This is a prokaryote, gram-negative bacteria with a barrel shape. It is found as a normal flora in the intestines of most humans that benefit us with the production of vitamin K and prevent colonization of pathogens bacteria. Normally E. Coli is not resistant to ampicillin therefore this experiment consist to transform E. coli to be ampicillin-resistant with the use of pUC18 and Lux plasmids. The experimental design consist on; First preparing the bacterial cells into CaCl2 solution to incubate in an ice bath (this procedure was done by the T.A.). The tubes are then labeled to their corresponding solution, which consist on: plasmid and no plasmid. The tubes are then placed into preheated water baths at 37ºC and incubated for 45 min at 37ºC. After the time has passed the solution of cells with and without plasmid are placed in agars with ampicillin and without ampicillin. The agars are later inverted and incubated at 37ºC. After a certain time the results are analyzed. Two alternative hypotheses made in this experiment are: 1) the presence of ampicillin will have an effect on bacteria with plasmid 2)there will be a difference in bacterial growth between plasmid lux and puc18. Some predictions are: 1)The agar plate with ampicillin and bacteria without plasmid is going to show no growth. 2)The agar plate with no plasmid and no ampicillin will show lawn …show more content…
In the plate “LBc” there is lawn growth over the plate, which means that the bacteria didn’t have any problem growing in the plate. The factors on the plate stimulate bacterial growth, including Lysogeny broth that is the factor giving nutrients to the bacteria to grow. The presence of pUC18 plasmid show that the plasmid don’t affect negatively the grow of bacteria. There is no ampicillin to kill bacteria, which is the key factor to bacteria to live. The plate “LBlux” show lawn grow, where bacteria didn’t have any problem to reproduce. The LB gives bacteria enough nutrients to grow, and the lux plasmid show no negative effect on bacteria. Therefore the bacteria can grow normally in LB with lux
This is a prokaryote, gram-negative bacteria with a barrel shape. It is found as a normal flora in the intestines of most humans that benefit us with the production of vitamin K and prevent colonization of pathogens bacteria. Normally E. Coli is not resistant to ampicillin therefore this experiment consist to transform E. coli to be ampicillin-resistant with the use of pUC18 and Lux plasmids. The experimental design consist on; First preparing the bacterial cells into CaCl2 solution to incubate in an ice bath (this procedure was done by the T.A.). The tubes are then labeled to their corresponding solution, which consist on: plasmid and no plasmid. The tubes are then placed into preheated water baths at 37ºC and incubated for 45 min at 37ºC. After the time has passed the solution of cells with and without plasmid are placed in agars with ampicillin and without ampicillin. The agars are later inverted and incubated at 37ºC. After a certain time the results are analyzed. Two alternative hypotheses made in this experiment are: 1) the presence of ampicillin will have an effect on bacteria with plasmid 2)there will be a difference in bacterial growth between plasmid lux and puc18. Some predictions are: 1)The agar plate with ampicillin and bacteria without plasmid is going to show no growth. 2)The agar plate with no plasmid and no ampicillin will show lawn …show more content…
In the plate “LBc” there is lawn growth over the plate, which means that the bacteria didn’t have any problem growing in the plate. The factors on the plate stimulate bacterial growth, including Lysogeny broth that is the factor giving nutrients to the bacteria to grow. The presence of pUC18 plasmid show that the plasmid don’t affect negatively the grow of bacteria. There is no ampicillin to kill bacteria, which is the key factor to bacteria to live. The plate “LBlux” show lawn grow, where bacteria didn’t have any problem to reproduce. The LB gives bacteria enough nutrients to grow, and the lux plasmid show no negative effect on bacteria. Therefore the bacteria can grow normally in LB with lux