Influenza

A) The infection process of a vertebrate virus consists of 6 stages. Provide the name for each stage and provide details of the events that take place at each stage using Influenza virus A as the model. The 6 stages consist of: Attachment, Penetration, Uncoating, Biosynthesis, Assembly, and Release. Attachment is when the virus attaches or “locks” itself onto an acceptable cell. This occurs because a protein receptor is recognized by the virus and the virus attaches to the cell. Penetration is when the virus moves through the plasma membrane of the cell it locked onto into the cytoplasm of the cell. This happens during a process known as endocytosis. Endocytosis is the process of a cell taking something in from the environment. Uncoating…

Seasonal influenza is a common cause of lower respiratory tract infections that annually effect a large portion of the population. These infections typically range from mild to moderate in severity, however life-threatening cases can occur. Frequently, complications associated with influenza infections are due to secondary bacterial pneumonia predominately caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae or Staphylococcus aureus (Rynda-Apple, Robinson, & Alcorn, 2015). Many efforts to resolve this pathology…

deployed into foreign nations. Of those four million United States’ citizens, about 110,000 of them died. However, 43,000 of those soldiers did not die in battle, but were killed silently, in the most brutal way possible; the influenza virus. This virus gave victims the symptoms of a normal head cold, except because of an overreaction of the immune system, fluid gathered in the lungs which resulted in the development of pneumonia. The H1N1 virus was known best as the Spanish Flu and even though…

year. Influenza is also known as the flu. Influenza affects the Respiratory System. The Respiratory System is made of airways, the nose, mouth, voice box, windpipe and bronchial tubes and the two tubes that connect to the lungs. When Influenza gets in the Respiratory System it can cause diseases and viruses that can lead to death. Influenza is an infection of the Respiratory System. The Respiratory System is a group of organs and tissue that make the body able to breathe. The organs that take…

Influenza Virus The flu is one of the most common diseases in the world. The cause of it is the influenza “flu” virus. The viruses’ structure plays a big part in how it spreads. It affects systems in the body and causes them to malfunction. When the systems malfunction, it causes flu-related symptoms. The flu is often confused with the common cold, but it’s much more deadly and, in some cases, can even be fatal. The influenza virus affects the respiratory, immune, and digestive systems. The…

INTRODUCTION Two significantly important highly pathogenic infection diseases namely Legionellosis and Influenza remains even today a threat to global health. They can cause severe community-acquired pneumonia with respiratory failure but they can also generate hospital-acquired infections.1 Moreover Legionella infection could attribute to influenza infection. The cause of influenza was definitively resolved back in 1930s with the isolation of swine influenza; a virus which when administered…

As in the case of swine-origin influenza A/H1N1, which is 26 caused by mutation of influenza H1N1 and has rapidly 27 spread to every continent in 2009, the emergence of new 28 organisms due to mutation can cause disturbance of exist- 29 ing ecosystems. On the other hand, even if sickle cell ane- 30 mia acts as a harmful mutation in most environments, it 31 can act as a beneficial mutant by virtue of the heterozy- 32 gote advantage and may promote human survival in 33 malaria-infested regions.…

Influenza is one of the major respiratory virus that causes nearly annual epidemics and occasional pandemics. Influenza epidemics generally occur in the winter months in the Northern hemisphere and May-September in the Southern hemisphere (Cox et al, 2004). This virus belongs to the genus Orthomyxovirus in the family of Orthomyxoviridae. Influenza A viruses are enveloped RNA virus with eight RNA segments that encodes for upto 11 viral genes ( Lamb &Krug ,2001, Fields virology, 4th edt. ).The…

Control and Prevention defines Influenza as “a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses” (CDC 2016). Simply put, influenza is a virus that damages the respiratory system. Influenza is often characterized by congestion to the nasal pathways and throat. Common indications that point to Influenza include a fever, sometimes over 104 degrees Fahrenheit, severe coughing, and headaches. Vomiting and diarrhea are symptoms more closely associated with children infected with Influenza.…

Influenza (Flu) is a seasonal infection that can cause mild to severe illness, in some cases it can lead to hospitalization or even death of thousands of patients yearly “Seasonal flu is a serious disease that cause illness, hospitalizations, and deaths every year in the United States” (CDC, 2016). The most effective way to prevent the spread of influenza is through vaccination “Some people, such as older people, young children, and people with certain health conditions, are at high risk for…