RNA

Biology 201 B1 Assignment #2 A four question analysis on "The myosin-interacting protein SMYD1 is essential for sarcomere organization" by Just et al. (2011) 1.) Wild-type Fla Mutant (SMYD-deficient) In the current study, the authors used a zebra fish mutant known as Flatline (fla). This mutant contains a nonsense mutation within the SMYD1 gene, consequently, these mutants show disturbed sarcomere assembly. The authors…

An insight into the methods of Conservation Genetics Understanding the need to use genetic methods in conservation biology will greatly aid in the process of bringing back any species that play an important role in their native habitat. Implementing genetic tools and methods in conservation programs helps to minimize the loss of genetic diversity, which allows populations to adapt to environmental changes and stressors. This helps to minimize the loss of the population numbers by reducing the…

The influenza virus was infecting its hosts long before the discovery of viruses in the late 1800’s. The longevity of the virus can be attributed to its ability to quickly mutate its genome, which consists of only eight negative-sense RNA segments. These small mutations allow the virus to rapidly evolve. In fact, approximately every twenty to thirty years the virus evolves into a “super virus” capable of causing significant pandemics (Webster, 2014). The influenza A virus is the envelope virus…

wall, capsule, DNA and plasma membrane. A flagellum is a thread-like structure which allows the bacteria to swim. A cytoplasm is the material within the cell, which does not include the nucleus. Ribosomes are particles which fastens messenger RNA and transfer RNA. A mesosome is a fold in the plasma membrane of a bacteria. A cell wall is a layer of material outside the plasma membrane of the bacteria. A…

Upon searching through the options on TED talks, there were a bunch of topics that sounded quite interesting but, this specific one on changing human DNA really sounded catchy. The speaker Jennifer Doudna invented a new technology that could quite frankly help cure and or eliminate genetic diseases. Doudna’s opening phrase was similar to a story about how her and a former scientist discovered the idea of the groundbreaking technology. Her opening statement was strong but it could of been more…

macromolecules possible? What is the chemistry behind their three dimensional configuration? Chemistry inside the fundamental units Nucleic acids are the most important biopolymers because they encode all the information to make any living organism. DNA and RNA have nucleotides as primary structure. They are divided in two groups, purines and pyrimidines. Purines and pyrimidines are hetero-aromatic compounds in which nitrogen have been replace carbon in positions…

For each group cDNA was synthesized from 500 ng of RNA using Maxima Universal First Strand cDNA Synthesis kit (Thermo Scientific, catalogue no-K1661) and consecutively 50 ng of cDNA was used for quantitative real time PCR assay. cDNA was amplified in a thermal cycle (CFX96 PCR system, BioRadLaboretories)…

Question 1A: Compare and contrast the general structure of a virus and a bacterium. Bacteria and viruses both do not contain a DNA enclosing nucleus; however, these organisms differ greatly in the complexity of their structures. Generally a bacterium is encompassed within a semi-rigid cell wall made of peptidoglycan, which provides structural support. It is classified as gram positive if its cell wall is thick and stains purple when tested for identification. If its cell wall is thin and stains…

Conventional chemotherapy delivers therapeutic agents to the cancerous cells to reduce their growth but the non-specificity of the drug affect normal cells as well (Sutradhar & Amin, 2014). Thus, the main challenge here is to design a specific drug delivery system to cancerous cells only (Sutradhar & Amin, 2014). The use of nanotechnology can provide a specific drug delivery system and overcome the challenges faced. Nanotechnology is a field that covers various areas such as biology, engineering…

aids the virus by convincing the host cell that the virus is actually part of the normal cellular waste, rather than displaying it on the surface of the host cell to be recognized and destroyed. Once the viral RNA is inside the host cell it does not reproduce immediately. Instead, the viral RNA must undergo reverse transcription, which will convert it into DNA before entering into the lysogenic cycle…