Phospholipid

INTRODUCTION There have been multiple staining techniques before the Gram stain came about in 1883. These old staining techniques brought about issues because they stained both the tissue and the cells so it was hard to differentiate between the two. Christian Gram is the inventor of the gram stain and found this technique when he was looking at Streptococcus pneumoniae in the lung tissue of people and animals (1). When working with these tissues, he found that this bacterium would take up a…

and topically. 3.2.4 Adverse drug reactions Nephrotoxic - tubular necrosis, probably related to interference in the phospholipids metabolism in proximal tubular cells lysosomes with resultant leakage of proteolytic enzyme into the cytoplasm. Ototoxic – (Toxicity of the 8th cranial nerve). 3.2.5 Indications and uses Active against a wide range of human bacterial infections…

Fortification is one way in which food processing can alter the bioactive profile of a food. Significant health crises have been resolved via the implementation in 1924 of the addition of iodine to salt to prevent goiter and the 1940s implementation of the additions of vitamin D to milk to prevent rickets and niacin to flour to prevent pellagra. A more recent example is the establishment of the addition of folate to bread and breakfast cereals to prevent neural tube defects in the offspring of…

Structure of the Bacterial Cell Wall Bacterial cells differ from mammalian cells due to highly developed cell walls outside the cytoplasmic membranes that provide structural integrity and shape to the cell. Bacteria live in dilute aqueous environments, which causes an intracellular pressure equivalent of 10-25 atm. Without the structural support of the cell wall, the cell is susceptible to lysis and osmotic rupture due to osmotic rupture due to turgor pressure. Figure 1: Comparison between…

Vitamins and minerals are both essential nutrients that are needed by the body. Different from the macronutrients, they are said to be micronutrients by meaning that they are needed only in small amounts. Nevertheless, we should not forget about their essentiality and their importance in our daily diet1. There are two types of vitamins, fat-soluble and water-soluble. Fat-soluble vitamins include vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin K. They are found in fatty foods and animal products like…

Among proteins it has a high proportion of free amino acids (20–30%), particularly 4-hydroxyisoleucine and histidine, which may stimulate insulin activity. Seeds also contain 5.5–7.5g/100g lipids in total mainly comprised of neutral lipids (85%), phospholipids (10%) and glycolipids (5%). Seeds are also a good source of essential fatty acids constitute of oleic (14%), linolenic (25%) and linoleic (40%) acids. Owing to the presence of N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) and oleamide, fenugreek has strong…

Research into cognitive health and disease has come a long way in recent decades. Researchers have discovered an abundance of information in regard to what happens in the brain as people age. As people age, many changes take place throughout the body, and that includes the brain. Often, certain parts of the brain will shrink over time; this usually occurs in the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus (NIH,2015). These two areas of the brain are involved with many important tasks, including…

Promote interior conditions that could be required control for homeostasis. Those are water substance and body temperature. In the event that homeostasis does not kept up, the body can't be capacity legitimately and disease may guarantee. Homeostasis is the procedure in that the body's inside surroundings is hold consistent in light of any outside environment changes. This includes keeping up consistent quality in different body frameworks. Temperature direction is a vital substantial capacity…

People’s beliefs on the origin of life tend to fall into one of two categories, evolution and creation a form of intelligent design. In most schools, the default setting for teaching about the origins of life is evolution as the most scientific and realistic explanation. However, I believe that it is important that this bias against religion of any kind and hence the discrediting of creation should be eliminated and instead the scientific evidence for both creation and evolution to be taught…

Summary: All biological molecules contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. A carbohydrate (C,H,O) is a biological molecule consisting of hydrogen , carbon, and oxygen atoms exclusively. They are the building blocks for polysaccharides, larger more complex carbohydrates. An example of a carbohydrate is glucose (the energy source for plants). Carbohydrates are the source of short term energy in organisms. Proteins (C,H,O,N) are made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen on a base level. Proteins…