ABSTRACT
Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), is used widely in numerous parts of the world as herb, food, spice, and traditional medicine. Different preprations of fenugreek have been reported as an effective remedy against polycystic ovarian disease. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most widespread hormonal disorders among women of reproductive age causing irregular menstrual cycles, histurism, miscarriage and infertility. The study will be conducted to determine physicochemical characteristics of fenugreek and its efficacy on the reduction of ovarian volume and the number of ovarian cysts. During our two phase study, we will focus on the characterization of commercially available fenugreek. The estimations will include proximate …show more content…
Fenugreek seeds are a rich source of fibers, proteins, fats, vitamins. Approximately 50 g/100 g fiber content is present in seed that is mainly non-starch polysaccharides such as mucilage, pectin and hemicellulose. Fenugreek endosperm is abundant source of proteins (43.8 g/100 g) such as lecithin, globulin, and albumin. Among proteins it has a high proportion of free amino acids (20–30%), particularly 4-hydroxyisoleucine and histidine, which may stimulate insulin activity. Seeds also contain 5.5–7.5g/100g lipids in total mainly comprised of neutral lipids (85%), phospholipids (10%) and glycolipids (5%). Seeds are also a good source of essential fatty acids constitute of oleic (14%), linolenic (25%) and linoleic (40%) acids. Owing to the presence of N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) and oleamide, fenugreek has strong pain relieving and appetite stimulating potential. Fenugreek seed is also a good source of vitamins both water soluble and fat soluble. Water soluble vitamins present in seed are vitamin C, B1, B2, nicotinic acid and fat soluble vitamin is vit A. Germinating seeds contain biotin, calcium pantothenate, pyridoxine, vitamin C and cyanocobalamine. However, exposure to β and γ radiations are responsible for marked reduction in the vitamin contents. Fenugreek seeds contain fair amount of calcium, sulfur, and phosphorus (Ahmad A., S. S. Alghamdia et al…2016). Small amount of volatile oils and fixed oil has been …show more content…
Although the genetic etiology of PCOS remains unknown, a family history of PCOS is relatively common; however, familial links to PCOS are unclear. Environmental factors implicated in PCOS (e.g., obesity) can be exacerbated by poor dietary choices and physical inactivity; infectious agents and toxins may also play a role.( Xita. N, G. Georgiou 2002) (Diamanti-Kandarakis. E. , L. Kandarakis et al ,2006). The pathophysiology of PCOS is not well understood, mainly due to lack of knowledge of the location of the primary defect. There are several candidates: ovary, adrenal, hypothalamus, pituitary, or insulin-sensitive tissues. ( BMJ, 2016). Generally PCOS are of four types named as: (MacIsaac. K. 2014) , Insulin Resistant PCOS, Immune Related PCOS, Post-Pill PCOS, Environmental
Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), is used widely in numerous parts of the world as herb, food, spice, and traditional medicine. Different preprations of fenugreek have been reported as an effective remedy against polycystic ovarian disease. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most widespread hormonal disorders among women of reproductive age causing irregular menstrual cycles, histurism, miscarriage and infertility. The study will be conducted to determine physicochemical characteristics of fenugreek and its efficacy on the reduction of ovarian volume and the number of ovarian cysts. During our two phase study, we will focus on the characterization of commercially available fenugreek. The estimations will include proximate …show more content…
Fenugreek seeds are a rich source of fibers, proteins, fats, vitamins. Approximately 50 g/100 g fiber content is present in seed that is mainly non-starch polysaccharides such as mucilage, pectin and hemicellulose. Fenugreek endosperm is abundant source of proteins (43.8 g/100 g) such as lecithin, globulin, and albumin. Among proteins it has a high proportion of free amino acids (20–30%), particularly 4-hydroxyisoleucine and histidine, which may stimulate insulin activity. Seeds also contain 5.5–7.5g/100g lipids in total mainly comprised of neutral lipids (85%), phospholipids (10%) and glycolipids (5%). Seeds are also a good source of essential fatty acids constitute of oleic (14%), linolenic (25%) and linoleic (40%) acids. Owing to the presence of N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) and oleamide, fenugreek has strong pain relieving and appetite stimulating potential. Fenugreek seed is also a good source of vitamins both water soluble and fat soluble. Water soluble vitamins present in seed are vitamin C, B1, B2, nicotinic acid and fat soluble vitamin is vit A. Germinating seeds contain biotin, calcium pantothenate, pyridoxine, vitamin C and cyanocobalamine. However, exposure to β and γ radiations are responsible for marked reduction in the vitamin contents. Fenugreek seeds contain fair amount of calcium, sulfur, and phosphorus (Ahmad A., S. S. Alghamdia et al…2016). Small amount of volatile oils and fixed oil has been …show more content…
Although the genetic etiology of PCOS remains unknown, a family history of PCOS is relatively common; however, familial links to PCOS are unclear. Environmental factors implicated in PCOS (e.g., obesity) can be exacerbated by poor dietary choices and physical inactivity; infectious agents and toxins may also play a role.( Xita. N, G. Georgiou 2002) (Diamanti-Kandarakis. E. , L. Kandarakis et al ,2006). The pathophysiology of PCOS is not well understood, mainly due to lack of knowledge of the location of the primary defect. There are several candidates: ovary, adrenal, hypothalamus, pituitary, or insulin-sensitive tissues. ( BMJ, 2016). Generally PCOS are of four types named as: (MacIsaac. K. 2014) , Insulin Resistant PCOS, Immune Related PCOS, Post-Pill PCOS, Environmental