Fortification is one way in which food processing can alter the bioactive profile of a food. Significant health crises have been resolved via the implementation in 1924 of the addition of iodine to salt to prevent goiter and the 1940s implementation of the additions of vitamin D to milk to prevent rickets and niacin to flour to prevent pellagra. A more recent example is the establishment of the addition of folate to bread and breakfast cereals to prevent neural tube defects in the offspring of women of childbearing age.
Removal of anti-nutrients to improve nutritional value is accomplished using targeted process techniques. Anti- nutrients are secondary compounds that prevent their counterparts from being digested. For example, phytic acid …show more content…
Conduct in-market surveillance, involves measurement of public attitudes toward functional food.The term “in-market surveillance” (IMS) refers to the process of obtaining information on the effects of the functional ingredient after it has been introduced into the marketplace. IMS can confirm the conclusions reached during pre-market evaluations regarding safety and efficacy by monitoring actual consumption patterns and the impact on consumers’ dietary patterns and determining if there are any adverse health effects (complaints) that were not identified in pre-market testing. In limited situations, IMS may be required by regulatory agencies. An IMS program should be a part of an ongoing monitoring program for new highly fortified functional foods. IMS program may be inappropriate in other situations, such as when claims are made for foods already widely consumed (e.g., cruciferous vegetables and their impact on cancer). The most appropriate type of IMS program must be determined on a case-by-case basis. An IMS program may be active or passive. In active IMS, a sponsor, typically the food manufacturer engages an appropriate professional group to systematically poll consumers regarding intake patterns. The sponsor may elect to share the information with the appropriate regulatory agency. An active IMS program also may include additional research to further evaluate tolerability or efficacy or to address scientific questions that arose after marketing. In the case of an acute effect (e.g., folic acid), such studies may be feasible. However, in many cases, especially when the desired effects are only seen over the long term, such an active IMS program may be unrealistic. Passive IMS involves the collection, documentation, and evaluation of complaints about the product (e.g., organoleptic, possible contamination), and may include reports of adverse health events. Although the information obtained from passive IMS cannot establish a causal relationship between the
Removal of anti-nutrients to improve nutritional value is accomplished using targeted process techniques. Anti- nutrients are secondary compounds that prevent their counterparts from being digested. For example, phytic acid …show more content…
Conduct in-market surveillance, involves measurement of public attitudes toward functional food.The term “in-market surveillance” (IMS) refers to the process of obtaining information on the effects of the functional ingredient after it has been introduced into the marketplace. IMS can confirm the conclusions reached during pre-market evaluations regarding safety and efficacy by monitoring actual consumption patterns and the impact on consumers’ dietary patterns and determining if there are any adverse health effects (complaints) that were not identified in pre-market testing. In limited situations, IMS may be required by regulatory agencies. An IMS program should be a part of an ongoing monitoring program for new highly fortified functional foods. IMS program may be inappropriate in other situations, such as when claims are made for foods already widely consumed (e.g., cruciferous vegetables and their impact on cancer). The most appropriate type of IMS program must be determined on a case-by-case basis. An IMS program may be active or passive. In active IMS, a sponsor, typically the food manufacturer engages an appropriate professional group to systematically poll consumers regarding intake patterns. The sponsor may elect to share the information with the appropriate regulatory agency. An active IMS program also may include additional research to further evaluate tolerability or efficacy or to address scientific questions that arose after marketing. In the case of an acute effect (e.g., folic acid), such studies may be feasible. However, in many cases, especially when the desired effects are only seen over the long term, such an active IMS program may be unrealistic. Passive IMS involves the collection, documentation, and evaluation of complaints about the product (e.g., organoleptic, possible contamination), and may include reports of adverse health events. Although the information obtained from passive IMS cannot establish a causal relationship between the