Vitamins and minerals are both essential nutrients that are needed by the body. Different from the macronutrients, they are said to be micronutrients by meaning that they are needed only in small amounts. Nevertheless, we should not forget about their essentiality and their importance in our daily diet1.
There are two types of vitamins, fat-soluble and water-soluble. Fat-soluble vitamins include vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin K. They are found in fatty foods and animal products like vegetable oils, milk, eggs, oily fishes and butter. Water-soluble vitamins include vitamin C, vitamin B complexes and folic acid. The difference between water-soluble vitamins and fat-soluble vitamins is that water-soluble vitamins are not stored in …show more content…
First, it is needed in the building of strong bones and teeth. Second it is needed for controlling body fluids inside and outside the cells and third to help turn food into energy. We can easily obtain minerals from meat, cereal, fish, vegetables and many other foods1. Minerals can be subdivided into two types, which are macrominerals and microminerals. Microminerals or what is also called major minerals includes calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium and chloride. Microminerals or what is called trace minerals includes iron, zinc, copper, selenium, chromium, iodine, manganese, molybdenum and …show more content…
Vitamin D3
Dietary vitamin D needs to be incorporated with other lipids and form micelles in order to be absorbed into the intestine by passive diffusion. In the absorptive cells, the vitamin would be incorporated into chylomicrons, which would later enter the lymphatic system and then slowly enters the plasma. It is later delivered into the liver by chylomicron remnants or to specific carrier vitamin D-binding protein (DBP). This would already process 50% of the vitamins.
Vitamin D that is synthesized in the skin from cholesterol would enter the capillary system and be transported by DBP into the peripheral tissues. Only very little excess vitamin D would be stored in the liver for later use.
Metabolism of vitamin D is activated by two hydroxylations. The first would occur in the liver while the second is carried out by the enzyme a-1-hydroxylase in the kidney. The first hydroxylation would produce 25-hydrocy-vitamin D3 while the second would produce 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol), which is the most active form of vitamin D. A-1-hydroxylase activity would be increased by parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the presence of low plasma concentrations, producing increased amounts of calcitriol. Enzyme activity will decrease when calcitriol levels are
There are two types of vitamins, fat-soluble and water-soluble. Fat-soluble vitamins include vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin K. They are found in fatty foods and animal products like vegetable oils, milk, eggs, oily fishes and butter. Water-soluble vitamins include vitamin C, vitamin B complexes and folic acid. The difference between water-soluble vitamins and fat-soluble vitamins is that water-soluble vitamins are not stored in …show more content…
First, it is needed in the building of strong bones and teeth. Second it is needed for controlling body fluids inside and outside the cells and third to help turn food into energy. We can easily obtain minerals from meat, cereal, fish, vegetables and many other foods1. Minerals can be subdivided into two types, which are macrominerals and microminerals. Microminerals or what is also called major minerals includes calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium and chloride. Microminerals or what is called trace minerals includes iron, zinc, copper, selenium, chromium, iodine, manganese, molybdenum and …show more content…
Vitamin D3
Dietary vitamin D needs to be incorporated with other lipids and form micelles in order to be absorbed into the intestine by passive diffusion. In the absorptive cells, the vitamin would be incorporated into chylomicrons, which would later enter the lymphatic system and then slowly enters the plasma. It is later delivered into the liver by chylomicron remnants or to specific carrier vitamin D-binding protein (DBP). This would already process 50% of the vitamins.
Vitamin D that is synthesized in the skin from cholesterol would enter the capillary system and be transported by DBP into the peripheral tissues. Only very little excess vitamin D would be stored in the liver for later use.
Metabolism of vitamin D is activated by two hydroxylations. The first would occur in the liver while the second is carried out by the enzyme a-1-hydroxylase in the kidney. The first hydroxylation would produce 25-hydrocy-vitamin D3 while the second would produce 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol), which is the most active form of vitamin D. A-1-hydroxylase activity would be increased by parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the presence of low plasma concentrations, producing increased amounts of calcitriol. Enzyme activity will decrease when calcitriol levels are