Phospholipid

• Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates are imperative for the grow and function of cells in the human body, as well as in most life forms. Named for its composure of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, carbohydrates provide an important energy source for cells. When the numerous carbon-hydrogen bonds found in carbohydrates are broken down they form new more stable chemical bonds, like carbon-oxygen bonds. This process releases energy that cells can use or store for later. Once most carbohydrates…

Research question: Does the temperature of a surrounding water solution influence the rate of diffusion of the red pigment betalain in Beta Vulgaris (Beetroot) measured using a colorimeter over a certain period? Hypothesis: A higher temperature of the surrounding water solution will cause the rate of diffusion of the red pigment in betalain in Beetroot to be faster. The reason for this hypothesis is because when in a higher temperature, betalain molecules will gain more kinetic energy and…

Francisella tularensis is an important microbial agent which causes the severe infection of tularemia. The intracellular life cycle of this bacterium is supported by a vast range of protective guards such as enzymes. Although several enzymes are recognized in different subspecies of the bacterium, acid phosphatase and superoxide dismutase are seen in all bacterial subspecies. On the other hand, the most important enzymatic system relating to host cells is NADPH oxidase. For this reason, the…

But, in contrast to other environmental resources like healthcare and education, nutrition can directly modify gene structure and facilitate genetic factors by providing the specific molecules that enable genes to exert their potential or targeted effects on brain growth and development. The brain is a specialized tissue that depends upon the generation of electrical potentials and their conduction through long axonal components of cell-bodies and through the synaptic gaps between these…

The cell wall of a bacterial cell has many functions. Not only does it protect the interior of the cell from changes in its environment but it also helps give the cell shape. In bacterial cells, the cell wall helps prevent cytolysis due to an imbalance of water pressure between the inside and the outside of a cell. The cell wall also contributes to the pathogenicity of a species. As explained by our textbook, “the chemical composition of the cell wall helps to differentiate major types of…

3.1 The isolation of Aeromonas hydrophila When using selective medium developed by Rimler and Shoots (1973), we obtained 95 bright yellow colour isolates with white edge which lead to the alleged as A. hydrophila. Of 95 isolates were further screened using SNI 7303 (2009) methods which produce 56 isolates. The isolates were further screened using Dorsch et al. (1994) and Cascón et al. (1996) method. 3.2 Bacterial DNA isolation and Identification. DNA amplification using Dorsch method…

The patient (pt) in room 584 is an 84-year-old Caucasian woman who was transferred to Lynchburg General hospital on December 12, 2016 from Stonewall hospital in Lexington in order to receive pulmonary care. Though she was admitted for unspecified dementia without behavioral disturbances, she was originally hospitalized at Stonewall since September 21, 2016 for atrial fibrillation with a low ventricular response rate, and dyspnea. She has co-morbidities of Parkinson’s disease and Lewy body…

hydrating medium at 60 rpm using rotary vacuum film evaporator to obtain a homogenous suspension of KTFs(ketoconazole loaded transfersomes) [17]. The suspension was kept for 1 h at ambient temperature for complete hydration process (swelling of phospholipids) to get large multilamellar vesicles (LMLV). The thick suspension thus obtained was broken by vortexing (Vortex shaker, Jyoti scientific industry, India) for 5 minutes [18]. These…

Early detection and diagnosis of chronic disease is of vital importance in the development of an effective treatment plan. Typical diagnostic methodology involves a multistep approach consisting of a differential diagnosis, pattern recognition, and a final clinical component. The lengthy process must be completed before any treatment options are considered often resulting in over/under diagnosis, error, and lag-time. It would be of great benefit to develop a more effective system to heighten the…

identify the shape, arrangement, and chemical composition of the microorganisms. In the chemical composition of the Gram stain, we can identify the two types of bacteria: Gram-Negative Bacteria which has a thin peptidoglycan, lipopolysaccharide, phospholipid, and lipoprotein cell wall and the Gram-Positive Bacteria which has a thicker peptidoglycan cell. When the microorganism appears purple (primary dye) and you follow all the instructions correctly, you will have a gram-positive…