Innate immune system

from the US, however, due to international travel and migration that number has since raised. Although getting a vaccination is not mandatory, the United States has two ways in which they enforce these shots. The first way is through the educational system; students must have all their shots before being allowed admission. The second care is during extreme…

(Braunchwald et. al., 2003). Environmental factors and susceptibility genes play a role in developing autoimmune diseases as well as the hormonal status of an individual. Even if the general rule is “self-tolerance”, some individuals have sustained immune response against their own tissue cells. When the “self-tolerance” is gone, autoimmune responses are initiated and these autoimmune reactions cause the severe tissue…

right beneath the skin, and the surface of mucous membranes, also the dendritic cells. These leukocytes bind to the virus and force it into the lymphatic system to the nearest lymph node for drainage. The lymph nodes contain great amounts of lymphocytes, T cells. The lymphocytes are the most abundant within the passive and innate immune system, these are formed within the bone marrow The HIV virus functions by attacking the lymphocytes, particular the T…

as diabetes mellitus (DM) and CVD. The way by which periodontitis affect systemic health or health conditions affect periodontitis is through releases of inflammatory cytokines. Periodontitis provoke a series of events involved in immune system of the host.(1)during inflammation the inflammatory cells…

of the body. In the case of acute lymphocytic leukemia, however, cancer starts from early versions of white blood cells, which are also called lymphocytes (“What is Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia?”). Since these cells are inherently a part of the immune system, they can spread quickly throughout the body, affecting essential organs such as the lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and spinal cord (“What is Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia?”). However, the term “acute” refers to the ability of the cancer cell to…

COMPONENTS OF EARLY AND LATE IMMUNE RESPONSE IN INFECTIONS Early immune response refers to innate immunity, which is the first line of defense. Innate immunity is a non specific defense mechanism that comes into play immediately or within hours of an antigen’s appearance in the body. These mechanisms include physical barriers for example skin, chemicals in the blood and immune system cells that fight off foreign cells in the body. The innate immune response is activated by chemical properties of…

mice there by promoting excess of undesired inflammation on the tissue and organ systems. The role of NFkB inhibitors definitely influence aging as seen in experiments on mice skin, resulting in cell and tissue regeneration. The Genetic modulation, or drug based inhibition of NFkB has shown delay and reversal of age related changes in animal experiments.NF-κB recently has shown varied role in many central nervous system disorders specially were there is involvement of plasticity, learning, and…

The role of the circadian clock in Imiquimod-induced skin inflammation Introduction The circadian rhythm is a biological system that allows organisms to synchronize their activities to the coming and going of light in their external environment. All living organisms contain this biological clock that helps coordinate physiological activities, such as eating, sleeping, and reproducing, to promote survival. In mammals, the principal regulator of the circadian clock is a group of nerve cells known…

is the NOD2/CARD15 “nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2” that is located on chromosome 16.This chromosomes main function is to help the body attack foreign invaders, it identifies the virus or bacteria and initiates the auto immune system to respond to the invasion. Mutations to this chromosome can increase the chances for a person to get Crohn’s disease, more than 40 variations been found in association to the disease [14].The most known variation of the NOD2 is 3020insC or…

Background MS (MS) is an auto immune disease which affects neurons of the central nervous system. A neuron consists of three main parts: an axon, dendrite, and a cell body. The axon is usually myelinated with a substance known as the myelin sheath, created by oligodendrocytes. This consists of twenty percent protein and eighty percent lipid. Each oligodendrocyte creates enough myelin to wrap around several axons. The periodic gaps between the neurons are known as nodes of Ranvier, where the…