Innate immune system

an infection of the glomerular membrane which impairs proper function. In the kidney, this membrane is responsible for the filtration of water and associated solutes out of the body while simultaneously keeping plasma proteins in the cardiovascular system. When an alteration occurs, the permeability of the membrane decreases, thus decreasing the overall glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of the kidney and leading to complications associated with low GFR. Glomerulonephritis can be caused by primary…

whereas the inner mucus layer cannot be penetrated. However, because of the huge diversity and quantity of gut microbiota there is moments when the inner mucous is breached. The bacteria that have migrated into the inner mucus layer is recognized by innate immune cells termed dendritic cells. Dendritic cells contain pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that recognize microbial associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). Both pathogen and commensal microbiota contain…

progresses to lesions.. The etiology of Crohn’s disease is not known but it is thought that a combination of environmental and genetic factors are the cause. Researchers have found several defective genes involved in the relationship between the innate immune system and the microbiome of the gut (Hart 229). The disease can manifest anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract between the mouth and the anus but is most often found in the ileum of the small intestine. Common treatments include drug…

Discussion: This experiment aimed to quantitatively estimate the number of worm eggs passed in the faeces of the school’s sheep. Barber’s pole worm (Haemonchus contortus) is the most potentially harmful roundworm parasites in Queensland’s sheep production industry (refer to Q1 of Report Journal). It is classed as an endo-parasite as it lives inside the stomach of its host, feeding off the animal’s blood and depriving it of essential nutrients. Symptoms of barber’s pole worm in sheep include;…

abnormality has been associated with the reduction of RBCs supply and results into an elevation in the quotient of degeneration same as anemia for patients. On the other hand, autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a condition that destroys a person’s immune system through the destruction of their RBCs. This condition takes effect in a person’s…

The human body has a protection system called the immune system to fight off pathogens. The immune system uses two different types of immunity to defend the body against pathogens; they are the innate and adaptive immunity response systems. Working as frontline providers, we must be able to identify and treat different types of disorders and diseases. The active immunity is an important part of the immune system because it protects the body from infectious diseases agent that is mediated by B-…

Autoimmune diseases affect about 50 million of the American population according to the American Autoimmune Statistics. Autoimmune occurs when the immune system can not detect the difference between self and nonself. The human immune system protects the body from foreign virus’ and sends antibodies to kill the unknown virus or intruders. This disease then causes the body to produce antibodies that will attack against the body’s healthy cells. It proceeds to attack itself and it’s healthy body…

I. INTRODUCTION Summary. T cells are one of the several types of lymphocytes that performs several functions in immunity. An example function is immune surveillance, a process in which foreign and diseased host cells are recognized and destroyed by natural killer cells. T cells function in immune surveillance by generating a T-cell response (TCR) which allow them to function in fighting against infection (Swann, J. B. et al, 2007). Recent findings indicate TCR and local non-related factors of…

specific immune response,…

reduced immune responsiveness than individuals with significantly lower grief levels. In this assessment, it was reported that during the initial weeks of bereavement the participants had increased circulation of neutrophils and macrophages, but no changes to lymphocyte and natural killer cells (Buckley et al., 2012). Furthermore, subsequent assessments reported that in the following months, participant’s lymphocyte and natural killer cell function was decreased, which caused an altered…