Genome

humans that eventually lead to cancer (Ehrenberg, 2016). These unique patterns of mutations that occur in different types of cancer tissue are what makes each carcinogenic mutation unique and leave behind their own mutational signature on the cancer genome. These signatures can be used as a physiological ‘receipt’ to assess the history of cancerous exposures in patients and can then be useful for cancer prevention, therapies and prognostics (Helleday, Eshtad, & Nik-Zainal, 2014). Although…

what songs were suggested as a result. Conclusion of Exploration Overall, I am unhappy with the extent of mathematical proofing that is available to observe. In total there are over 450 different criterion that are used to classify songs in the Music Genome Project and because of Pandora is a business those criterion are trade secretes and only a small minority of observable differences are shown in their music selection making extremely specific probability of finding a specific song based on…

synthetically modify and transduce foreign DNA into a desired host. Because of this, not much was known about this type of genomic modification. Except for the knowledge that SV40 DNA possessed the ability to insert its genetic information into a host genome and the discovery of Daniel Nathans’ that restriction enzymes cleave DNA at specific sites in DNA. To begin his experiment Berg isolated circular tritium labeled SV40 and λdvgal DNA from infected CV-1 and E. coli cells by equilibrium…

is also very applicable to elephants, which led a group of evolutionary biologists to investigate. He states 'the mechanisms by which large bodied animals evolved enhanced cancer resistance are unknown' (Sulak, et. al, 2015). His team obtained the genomes of several elephants and other mammals, and noted a significant difference in the p53 gene, which codes for a tumor…

The sperm and egg DNA methylation profiles are very different from each other. Just after fertilization the paternally derived genome is subjected to genome-wide hydroxylation of 5-methylcytosine which results in an epigenetic asymmetry in parentally derived genomes. Epigenetics is involved in many normal cellular processes. Think about it like this, the fact that our cells all have the same DNA our bodies also have many different types of cells…

virus (AAV) to establish latency without helper virus coinfection has made AAV useful as a gene therapy vector. In addition, AAV is able to maintain transgene expression in the absence of toxicity in vivo. AAV virus serotypes are abundant and novel genomes from primate tissues continue to be discovered. This has led to the creation of a variety of AAV vectors with wide tissue tropisms. Human bone marrow has been identified as an abundant source of AAV, leading to hypotheses that AAV isolates are…

Reproductive Cloning With constant new developments in science, society is forced to react and adapt. Along with these new developments, citizens are left questioning the ethics behind the experiment. Almost one hundred thirty years ago, society was introduced to the idea of cloning. It was not until the year nineteen ninety-six when the idea became reality and the first cloned mammal was born, Dolly the sheep. She set the grounds for the next cloned mammals to come. The process of cloning is a…

The Burkholderia Taxonomy and Genomics Burkholderia pseudomallei (Bp) belongs to the Burkholderia genus which contains over 40 species that inhabit a variety of ecological niches. The majority of species within this genus are non-pathogenic soil-dwelling bacteria, but a few species are highly pathogenic to humans and can result in severe disease [1]. This includes B. mallei, an obligate mammalian pathogen and the causative agent of glanders, which primarily affects horses and other solipeds…

overlapping ORFs by a single-nucleotide insertion at an upstream region of gag stop codon. The insertional event appeared to have occurred sporadically in multiple CsRn1 copies in the C. sinensis and O. viverrini genomes, although their evolutionary fate differed in the respective genomes. The newly evolving variant exhibited transcriptional…

that precisely cut DNA, scientists can make specific genome edits, which have already resulted in cures for mice with sickle cell anemia. Almost daily, I hear about research that cures even more genetic diseases using this technique. This technology fascinates and excites me and I look forward to learning more about the impact of gene editing on our future, including its ethical dilemmas. Should humans have the right to manipulate the genomes of other species and our future generations? What…