Apoptosis

Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a genetic disorder which affects the connective tissue of the body. MFS is autosomal dominant, with “approximately seventy five percent of people” diagnosed with MFS having a parent that has the disorder. The other “twenty five percent” of people with MFS have developed this disease through new gene mutation (NIH. National Human Genome Research Institute). This disease is not specific to gender, race or region, and is potentially life threatening. MFS affects multiple…

can be dangerous for the child. The “natural” way, sexual reproduction, of making a child allows mutations to occur in the DNA. Not all mutations are bad, rather some of them can be advantageous and disadvantageous mutations will be eliminated by apoptosis. Sexual reproduction allows the baby to hold unique qualities, whereas the designer babies will lack the unique qualities since the parents want their baby to be perfect. This means that the parents want their babies to be intelligent, a great…

Dr. Joseph Larkin III is an associate professor in the department of Microbiology and Cell Science at the University of Florida where he teaches Immunology. In addition to teaching, Dr. Larkin oversees multiple immunology research projects involving regulatory T cells and their involvement in autoimmune diseases including type one diabetes, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and most recently, uveitis. Dr. Larkin was born and raised in Savannah, Georgia. When asked about how he became interested…

Future directions 1. In this study, the in vitro assays based on human cell lines were used to evaluate the toxicity of several common cellular responses and toxic effects. The toxicity evaluation of mixtures can be extended to other endpoints like apoptosis, p53 mediated DNA damage, metal stress response and other adaptive responses for a more comprehensive understanding of adverse…

and the presence of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). Standard of care chemotherapy agent Temozolomide is an alkylating agent which functions by methylation of DNA on N-7 or O-6 positions of guanine residues. Methylation damages DNA and triggers apoptosis of cells. However, about 50% GBM tumors express a protein encoded by the O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene which makes these tumors unresponsive to temozolomide therapy. Upon repeated exposure to a drug, tumor cells develop…

CDH2 CDH2 gene codes for the protein N-cadherin, also known as Cadherin-2 (CDH2), or neural cadherin (NCAD). Studies on this gene has discovered that it is located on Chromosome 18-NC_000018.10, assembly GRCh38.p2 on humans, and contains 20 exons.(9) N-cadherin is one of the classification of the cadherin superfamily, and is composed of five extracellular cadherin repeats, highly conserved cytoplasmic tail and a transmembrane region. This protein’s purpose is to mediate cell-cell adhesion by…

However, honey has other substances that trigger cell apoptosis, also known as cell death. With honey, cancer cells die while leaving neighboring cells unmolested. Honey impedes cancer 's spread and speeds tumor destruction while suppressing chronic inflammation. Extracts are effective against colon and bladder…

Mustard Gas, in World War I, was called the King of Battle Gases because it caused more battle causalities, as in injuries that took them out of the war and some deaths, than all of the other chemical agents used in that Great War (Everts, n.d.). This synthetic agent had an innocent beginning but rapidly became something the world rallied around to ban due to its harmful effects. In 1886 Victor Meyer first discovered the harmful effects of (ClCH2CH2)2S or what would later become known as Mustard…

In order to better understand the cell cycle and the different phases of mitosis, students were expected to observe cell division in an onion root. I hypothesized that we would observe more cells in interphase since most of a cell’s life is spent in interphase. In order to make observations, we used a light microscope to view two slides of an onion root—one had been previously prepared while the other slide was made by each individual student. Furthermore, we then counted how many cells were in…

The medical use of radioactive isotopes for cancer treatment can be classified as radiation therapy. The radiation that specific isotopes give off are utilized for effecting cancer cells. First of all, what is radiation? Radiation is energy that is carried by waves of streams of particles. The energy from radiation damages the genes (DNA) in the cancer cells. The damage done to the cells prevent them from growing and dividing, and often cause them to die off. Nearby normal and healthy cells can…