Apoptosis

in the progression of cancer. These mechanisms include inhibiting cell proliferation, inhibition of DNA adduct formation, inhibiting phase 1 enzymes, inhibiting signal transduction pathways and oncogene expression, inducing cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis, inducing phase 2 enzymes, blocking the activation of nuclear factor-κB, and inhibiting angiogenesis”. The third disease is cardiovascular disease. For example, people who vegetables and fruits compared with people who eat meats. They consume a…

Medical advances have been improving rapidly in the past century. Scientists are now discovering new ways to treat diseases that were previously, deemed incurable. Shortages in donors has always been a problem in the hospital world and even when there is a donor, it doesn’t necessarily mean the recipients body will accept the donation. Stem cells have been studied for decades, however, recently they are coming out with new ways to apply these stem cells into curing genetic diseases by correcting…

Methotrexate is a drug used to treat cancer, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and to induce miscarriage in women who have had ectopic pregnancies. Question 1: Pharmacokinetics describes how the body affects a certain type of drug after administration through absorption, metabolism, distribution and excretion while travelling throughout the body. Absorption Absorption is defined as the movement of a drug through the bloodstream. Absorption of a drug is affected by the solubility of the…

Effect of chronic chest diseases on right ventricle I. Effects of chronic chest disease on right heart structure and function In patients with restrictive lung disease, right ventricular hypertrophy was estimated to be present in 50% of them (Figure15) (Shivkumaret al., 1994). Despite these changes in the structure of the right ventricle, myocardial systolic function is generally conserved in pulmonary hypertension associated with chronic lung disease (Vizza et al., 1998).…

NETs are released from neutrophils by a mechanism called NETosis. NETosis is a complex process and a type of cell death different from both necrosis and apoptosis [22, 23]. The precise mechanism of NETosis differs as per the stimulus and causes morphological changes within the cell ultimately leading to cell death [24]. The mechanism(s) of NETs release is poorly understood. During NETosis, chromatin undergoes…

Aging Context Aging is treated as a vital factor in the etiology of human disease (ES-2014-aging). It is also an important risk factor for AD and PD onset and progression. Biologically, aging is an inevitable biological process that is characterized by a progressive decline in physiological function, including cognition, and by the increased susceptibility to disease (RX-2013). Oxidative stress and mitochondrial malfunction are two interdependent mechanisms that play a central role in brain…

Vinorelbine also known as Navelbine® is an anti-cancer chemotherapy drug. It belongs to a class of chemotherapy drugs called vinca-alkaloids; which can be categorised as spindle poisons1. Vinorelbine and Vindesine are semi-synthetic derivatives from the first generation of vinca-alkaloids; Vinblastine and Vincristine2. These original vinca-alkaloids were derived from dried leaves of the Madagascan periwinkle (vinca rosea) plant1. Madagascar periwinkle is also used in the treatment for diabetes,…

Stroke Case Study 1. The man has had an ischaemic stroke, identify the biological changes that would have occurred in his brain during the process. Arnold’s ischaemic stroke would be initiated when a lack of blood supply (ischaemia) is prevented from reaching the brain (NHS, 2016). The lack of oxygen causes the neurons within the brain to start a chain reaction, in the form of an ischaemic cascade. This begins seconds after the onset of ischaemia. The ischaemic cascade is a biological…

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE of Eugenia jambolana Lam., DEFINITION Java plum berry begin to exist in India where it is originally called as Jamun . Eugenia jambolana Lam., is the scientific name of this plant. Jambolan , Jambas , Jambul , Jamali , Jambul, Black Plum, Java Plum, Indian Blackberry, Jamblang, etc. are just some of the other common names of Java plum berry from different parts of the world . It belongs to the Myrtaceae family or Syzygium cumini (also called as Syzygium jambolanum…

Medicinal plant is an organism of the kingdom Plantae; now specifically, a living organism of the embryophyta (land plants) or of the chlorophyta (green algae), a eukaryote that includes double-membrane bounded chloroplasts in its cells containing chlorophyll a and b. Medicinal plants contain a large variety of chemical substances that possesses important therapeutic properties used in the treatment of many diseases. Increasingly industrialized societies are developing drugs and…