Plasmid

Picture this: a world where everyone looks exactly the same--ridden with birth defects, religion has disappeared because people can control their environment with a simple insertion or deletion of a gene, and no one is sure of the future because every couple years, a virus that was supposed to harmlessly alter genes mutates to harmfully cause a deadly epidemic. Sound familiar? Maybe not yet, but at the rate we 're going, the world isn 't far away from the scenario just described due to the…

Introduction Genetic engineering is one of the most useful process for producing medicine, plants and animals with faster growth rate and higher nutritional value. However, the is also one of the most controversial subjects in the world, yet most of us are eating it every day. Products such as canola oil, biscuits and chocolates, soy mile, or tofu are example of genetically modified food. Canola oil is an important product used in cooking and therefore some of us consume it daily. Some concerns…

Zika At the beginning of 2015, there were few people that had heard of the Zika Virus. Those who had heard of it were not concerned about the impact the virus had on their daily lives. It was easily mistaken by the common flu, passing through the body’s system within a week. As scientists studied Zika, they discovered the severity of the long-term effects of the virus. By August, the Zika Virus was on every radio station, internet sites, and TV news broadcasts. Overnight, the World Health…

Suppose we have a certain segment of a DNA molecule ,a gene for example that we want to amplify ,that is make many identical copies of that gene of interest, one way is to basically take that gene to integrate it into a bacterial plasmid to place that recombinant plasmid into a bacterial cell and to allow that bacterial cell to divide many times and eventually make many copies of that gene of interest. The problem with this particular method is that it is not only time consuming and not only is…

Bacteria employ a few mechanisms to gain antibiotic resistance. One of these – a mutation – involves spontaneous changes within the amino acids of their DNA, which ultimately elicits a modification to a certain gene. The change within the DNA would prevent an antibiotic being used to hinder the bacteria, as it could would no longer recognize the specimen, due to a change in the structure of the target gene. A species of bacteria may also use a method of destruction to chemically degrade or…

Alejandro Candelario SFSU ID:916829191 Biology 100 10/14/16 Should genetically modified foods be labeled? Should genetically modified foods be labeled? They use GM on plants to grow our food. This is issue is very important because people should be to know what’s in the food they eat. They say the crops are environmentally safe and practically the same thing as an organic plant. For that reason they don’t believe GM foods should be labeled and consumers shouldn 't know. It has a very big…

1. Introduction L-Ornithine is an important chemical ingredient for its applications in food and pharmaceutical industries as a dietary supplement, as it is known to be efficacious in the treatment of liver diseases and wound healing [11]. It can also be used as a precursor for the synthesis of other amino acids, such as arginine and citrulline, and putrescine, an important diamine used as a nylon precursor [28]. L-Ornithine could be produced by fermentation using auxotrophic mutants, for…

Objective: We started by isolating a DNA plasmid from a bacterial culture for cloning. Then, we reverse transcribed mRNA to amplify it in a polymerase chain reaction. Finally, we amplified a specific gene (actin) through PCR. Protocol: A. Isolation of Plasmid DNA from a Bacterial Culture: We were provided with a tube containing 1 ml of bacterial culture. We centrifuged it for 5 minutes at 10000 g. Then, we removed the supernatant by pouring it off and we used a small chem wipe to remove any…

4. There are many processes that bacteria use to survive. The key to their survival is their ability to genetically diversify. Bacterium diversity has had many years to develop. Bacteria were some of the first organisms on earth, and have developed many means through which they can adapt to changes in their environments. The first way bacteria can become genetically diverse is through mutations. A mutation is a process that changes a DNA sequence. This change can be passed on to future…

By 1973, they had succeeded. With the help of Boyer’s discovery of the EcoRI enzyme and the bacterial plasmid that Cohan had earlier isolated, the first ever recombinant DNA had been created. With the newly found technique patented by Boyer and Cohan, Boyer started a business with venture capitalist Robert Sawson, come to be known as Genentech. The company…