P-n junction

1. What are the functional classifications for the biceps and triceps muscles in the bicep curl movement? What type of contractions are the biceps and triceps performing during a bicep curl? There are two functional classifications for the biceps and triceps muscles, which are the following: agonists and antagonists. The agonist generates the most powerful force in the biceps, in comparison to the triceps. The Triceps focuses on protecting the muscles from hyperextending the arm, by using the classification of the antagonist. The bicep contraction would be concentric contraction, and the triceps would be eccentric contraction. 2. How does the EMG amplitude differ between concentric and eccentric movements for the same load for the biceps (use data from the lab)? The bicep is generally referred to as the bigger muscle, due to the generation of the larger force. This means that the bigger muscles, which are the biceps will produce more force concentrically than eccentrically. The force produced by the biceps causes larger values in the EMG amplitude concentrically. The values that were obtained eccentrically produced a lesser force to prevent hyperextension of the arm and or elbow. The eccentric values are lesser compared to the concentric values. 3. Explain the physiology of this phenomenon in #2. The brain is generating a signal to the desired muscles of the biceps and triceps, to ensure proper motor unit recruitment to generate a contraction depending on the speed. As an…

Case Study: Hereditary Canine Spinal Muscular Atrophy Genetic Background Hereditary canine spinal muscular atrophy (HCSMA) is proven to be an autosomal-dominate disease that affects most noticeably the Brittany spaniel (Pinter MJ, Waldeck RF, Wallace N, & Cork LC, Motor Unit Behavior in Canine Motor Neuron Disease, 1995). HCSMA originated as a spontaneous mutation in the Survivor Motor Neutron gene found in the purebred Brittany spaniel population (Ericsson. A & Rubin. C, 2012). Due to the…

1. Nerve conduction tests of the ulnar, tibial, and peroneal nerves involves testing how well and quickly a nerve can send electrical signals to begin contraction of skeletal muscles. The first step in muscle contraction is excitation of a skeletal muscle fiber by a nerve signal. The nerve signal must be sent to the neuromuscular junction to open the voltage-gated calcium channels. Just like in a muscle fiber, the neuron must reach threshold potential before the action potentials can be…

A nerve cell is also called a motor neuron, which is made from a cell body, an axon and axon terminals. The cell body contains a nucleus and dendrites that receive the signals and send it down the axon that is covered in myelin sheath. The axon terminals are connected to the muscles creating a neuromuscular junction. This is where the signal is relayed to the muscle. There are two groups of motor neurons: upper and lower. Upper motor neurons are those found in the brain and lower motor neurons…

Introduction: Temperature can affect the rate at which an action potential is generated to excite an action potential within a given skeletal muscle. Maximum contraction is the ability of the muscle to recruit and produce its greatest force during a contraction, and we can observe these effects by using a grip force transducer, which records the functional grip force of the hand. Therefore, the purpose of this lab was to discern how varying temperatures affect maximum contraction. I…

The process that is used by nurses and clinicians to consider a patient situation, collect data, process this data, make goals and implement interventions, evaluate outcomes and then finally, reflect on the learning outcomes from this process, is known as clinical reasoning (Hoffman, 2007). Clinical reasoning cycle is the tool that is used for the process of clinical reasoning. This paper will discuss management of Motor neurone disease using the clinical reasoning cycle as a framework. However,…

Figure 1. An EMG Tracing of Triceps and Biceps Muscles Co-activation. EMG signal produces an electrical activity of the muscle fibers active at a moment time. The electrical activity is measured in millivolts per milliseconds. The top channel shows the bicep EMG, while the bottom EMG correlates to the triceps contraction traces. Shown on the top graph, there are two periods of bicep activation, each last approximately 1.5ms. When the biceps are activated, it produces increasing amplitude peaks,…

expect to see a reduction in the viral titer in the DF-1 cells that are stably expressing viperin compared to the DF-1 cells that are transfected with an empty vector. Objective 4: Identification of the critical regions and residues important for duck viperin function and localization. Viperin consists of three distinct domains; an N-terminal domain that varies considerably between species and contains both an amphipathic helix and a leucine zipper domain; the N-terminal domain plays an…

For my service project I did two types of volunteering. One was being the president of Kilmer's Student Council Association (SCA). In SCA, a group of seventh and eighth grade students, including myself, got together about every other week, for an hour, to discuss, plan, and promote student events. Some of these events included student dances, holiday/seasonal games at lunch, fun runs, fundraisers and Kilmer Spirit Week. First, we would discuss what materials and how much time we would need to…

Clendinnen recounts the history of the Yucatan peninsula once the Spanish arrived. She splits her recounting into two sections: the Spanish’s perceptive and the Mayan’s perspective. Clendinnen’s recounting the Spanish side of history demonstrates a struggle not only between the Spanish and the new land and its inhabitants, but also the internal conflicts between the Spanish settlers and the friars. At first she tells us how the Spaniards’ interactions with the natives consisted of tribute…