Glycogen

Glycogen-storage disease type II (GSDII), also referred to as Pompe’s disease, is an autosomal recessive disorder that results from the deficiency of acid alpha-1,4 glucosidase, a lysosomal hydrolase. The disease was first discovered in 1931 when Pompe examined a girl who died after contracting idiopathic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Pompe realized that there was an excessive amount of glycogen in all of the girl’s organs and tissues, and he described the pathologic features. Stores of glycogen in the liver are considered the main buffer of blood glucose levels. It is the stored form of glucose and the body needs a useable supply to be available at all times to ensure proper homeostasis. A lack of glycogen can cause hypoglycemia and many other devastating conditions. There are three major forms of the disease, adult-onset, juvenile, and infantile. Adults who contract Glycogen-storage disease type II generally are diagnosed between the ages of twenty…

to low the hormone glycogen is produced. They both come from the pancreas but insulin also helps glucose get transported into the cells (Quesada et al., 2008). The body uses glucose as a primary source of energy through a variety of metabolic reactions. Glucose is a sugar that gets broken down through glycolysis into ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) inside of the cell (Stanfield, 2013). When there is an excess of glucose, the liver converts it to glycogen through a process called glycogenesis…

McArdle syndrome, also known as glycogen storage disease type V (GSD V) is a rare genetic autosomal recessive disease of the muscle tissue or myopathy caused by the body’s inability to produce phosphorylase; “an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of glucose-1-phosphate from glycogen.” (Taber’s Cyclopedic medical Dictionary). Without it, sugar or glycogen stored in the muscles cannot be used to produce energy resulting in fatigue, severe muscle pain and cramping after momentary exercise.…

Three methods were comprised to determine the unknown but a set of other solution were used to help as indicators to match the unknown solution’s results. It consisted of biuret, iodine and benedict solution. Iodine solution is used to determine if the source had starch or glycogen. If the source had glycogen consisted inside, there would be a reddish-brown precipitation occurring (Daniel Luzon Morris,1946). Iodine can also react with the starch which could potentially create a The colour of…

portray the systems by which muscle glycogen is separated to glucose for use in glycolysis. Depict how a nerve motivation is transmitted along its axon and clarify what are points of interest of fat over sugar for fuel stockpiling in the body is. At long last, I will depict the essential structure of the heart and the essential functions of the blood. (Baggett, n.d.) Discuss the relationship between…

They can look at the amount of, and different types of muscle fibers found in thoroughbreds, the muscles ability to adapt to high intensive exercise, the effects from changing the inclination the horse is exercising on, and if age and gender affect the way the muscles react. The thoroughbred horse stems back to a founder stallion that makes up 95% paternal and 9 to 10 founder mares that can make up 72% of the maternal lineage. The characteristics looked for in good race horses are large lung…

substances like glucose and oxygen to the muscles throughout aerobic exercise. This is important as during the exercise period ATP is needed by the muscle cells to carry out the contractions. This occurs through respiration. Respiration is crucial as the cells cannot get energy directly from glucose, hence the ATP production. “ATP is synthesised from ADP and an inorganic phosphate using energy from the breakdown of glucose. The energy is stored in this phosphate bond.” (Parsons, 2009, p104) ATP…

hydroxyl groups (Klein, 2013). Insulin, the major hormone that controls plasma glucose concentrations, increases the permeability of the liver, muscle and adipose or fat cell membranes to glucose (West & Passey, 1967). This allows for an increased rate of glucose transport from the plasma in the blood, across the cell membrane and uptake into these cells (Dimitriadis, Mitrou, Lambadiari, Maratou, & Raptis, 2017). This physiological function accounts for the rapid decrease in plasma glucose…

anabolic reactions while glucagon, catabolic reactions. They are released from the pancreas and controlled in the brain by the pituitary gland. Insulin has many functions, it signals a state of energy abundance, promotes of amino and glucose acid absorption to various tissues from the blood as well as stimulation of anabolic processes such as glycogen, protein and lipid synthesis, which are stored in muscles and fat tissues. Insulin activates synthesis of triglycerides from free fatty acids.…

accumulation itself, excessive fructose-1-phosphate inhibits fructokinase, which contributes to fructosaemia (bioche). Another consequence of fructose-1-phosphate accumulation is the reduction of intracellular inorganic phosphate because inorganic phosphate is trapped in fructose-1-phosphate (HFI). An allosteric activation of adenosine deaminase triggered by the depleted inorganic phosphate concentration breaks down purine nucleotides to uric acid, and the accumulation of uric acid then causes…