Macrophage

Chemicals: Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, sodium carbonate, gallic acid, trifluoroacetic and sulphuric acids, Trolox (6-hydroxy -2, 5, 7, 8- tetramethyl chromane-2-carboxylic acid), ABTS (2, 2'-azinobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride), 2′, 7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA), dexamethasone (DEX), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were purchased from Sigma Inc. (St. Louis, MO). Catechin, epicatechin, procyanidin B1 and B2 were purchased from Chromadex (Irvine, CA). Dulbecco’s…

Heart Disease in Women and their Unique Symptoms of a Heart Attack Introduction: Heart attacks are a very serious condition of the human body that require immediate attention. Heart attacks are known in the medical community as myocardial infarctions: myo- means muscle, cardio- means heart, -al means pertaining to; infarct means death of tissue (med term book). The parts come together as: tissue death pertaining to heart muscle (med term book). Each year, around one and half million cases of…

It has a first line of defense and a second line of defense that have been present since birth. When we call it nonspecific immunity we mean that they don’t necessarily know what type of virus, what type of bacteria, or what type of foreign substance it is. They generally respond to things that are bad. All they know is that they see something that isn’t suppose to belong and they respond to it, but they don’t remember it. The first line of defense includes the physical and chemical barriers…

blood cells (iRBC) is associated with the high density of parasaetaemia and schizontoemia.9 Meanwhile the increase in RBC destruction is correlated to the phagocytosis of iRBC and uninfected RBC (uRBC) due to proliferation and hyperactivity of macrophages in the reticuloendothelial system (RES).9 It was believed that uRBC loss is due to their premature senescence, with poor deformability inhibiting them from passing through the fenestrations of the splenic red pulp, thus makes them subject to…

Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) can be caused by multiple different traumas, surgical complications and diseases like diabetic neuropathy or Guillain-Barre syndrome. Patients are left with chronic pain and disability of the innervated area. Facial nerve injury is one example of PNI. Facial nerve paralysis results in unilateral facial weakness, loss of function and difficulty to speak (1, 2). Speech, mastication and expression of emotions are based on the ability to move facial musculature, which…

hemodialysis, greater than 100 mg / dl for those not on dialysis or peritoneal dialysis, and for all, transferrin saturation above 20% . (KDIGO, 2012) The human body has no specific mechanism for eliminating excess iron absorbed or accumulated after macrophage recycling. This excess is usually eliminated by bodily secretions, desquamation of intestinal and epidermal cells or menstrual bleeding. Hence, iron replacement in situations in which ferritin > 500 and transferrin saturation > 30%…

Can you breathe? Inhale deeply; do you feel the oxygen filling your lungs with every breath? As you sit there, a small child sits in another room breathing in the same oxygen that expands and contracts from their tiny lungs, but not long ago those tiny lungs were at an even more miniscule scale of size and the small child was in the arms of a loving mother, wife to a dear husband. Their love is blatant, yet no amount of care and happiness can shield them from the air around them, for all need…

Rheumatic Fever is an acute systemic inflammatory condition that appears to result from an abnormal immune reaction occurring a few weeks after an untreated infection, usually caused by certain strains of group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus. The preceding infection commonly appears as an upper respiratory infection, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, or strep throat. Antibodies to the streptococcus organisms form and then react with connective tissue called collagen in the skin, joints, brain, and heart…

The proteome of M. paratuberculosis strain JTC303 CF was different from that of the CE. Specifically, CF proteins generally had lower pIs (4.4 to 5.5) and smaller masses (most s immune system loses control of the pathogen, or the pathogen begins active replication, the organism disseminates, and the host response shifts to a Th2 type immune reaction. The hallmark of this infection stage is production of detectable serum antibodies. A positive relationship has been shown between the level of…

but they enhance immune response. - The cells of the complement system are synthesized continuously by the cells of the liver and macrophages. These complement proteins bind to the surfaces of microorganism, specifically the ones that are already tagged by antibodies. Thus, they serve as a marker to indicate the presence of a pathogen to phagocytic cells (macrophages and B cells). Furthermore, through a process of opsonization, complement proteins enhance engulfment. During opsonization,…