Hydrolysis

enzyme, then many chemical reactions may not occur because the activation energy could be too high to be reached without the help of an enzyme. For example, table salt, or sucrose, could sit for years with no occurrence of hydrolysis, but after a few seconds with an enzyme, hydrolysis could easily occur. Enzymes are very specific to its reactant that it reacts on. These specific reactants are called substrates. Substrates are the molecules that goes through the changes in the chemical…

Martha Garcia November 10, 2017 Chemical Weathering Background Chemical Weathering is caused by rain water reacting with the mineral grains in rocks to form new minerals (clays) and soluble salts. It occurs in almost all types of rocks, smaller rocks are susceptible, because they have greater surface area, more common where water is, because water is important to many of the chemical reactions, when water is slightly acidic, which is called ocean acidification. Ocean acidification is…

Weathering is the breaking down or dissolving of rocks and minerals on earth’s surface. Natural substances like water, ice, acids, salt, plants animals, and changes in temperature are all different targets for weathering. After the material is broken down or dissolved, erosion occurs. Erosion transports the bits and pieces of material away. Every rock on earth’s surface will be weathered in some way because they are not tough enough to resist weathering. The two types of weathering is…

Carbohydrates : Carbohydrates are commonly identified as sugars, they are the 'staff of life' for mainly organisms. They are mainly rich class of biomolecules in nature, based on mass. Carbohydrates are also known as saccharides, in Greek sakcharon mean sugar or sweetness. They are generally distributed molecules in plant and animal tissues. In plants, and arthropods, carbohydrates from the skeletal structures, they also provide as food reserves in plants and animals. They are main energy…

Enzymes are biological molecules that are responsible for the many metabolic processes that sustain life. Enzymes need specific conditions in order for the reaction to occur. Temperature, pH level, and the shape and size of the substrate are all limiting factors. One of the most common digestive problems, lactose intolerance, is due to the absence of the key enzyme lactase. This enzyme is produced in the small intestine where it is secreted during digestion. While most mammals stop producing…

Identification of Unknown Carbohydrates Using Various Biochemical Techniques Practical Assessment LO1 Introduction: The experiment conducted involved subjecting six samples of unknown carbohydrates to different methods of identification, this is involved several reagents including Benedict’s reagent, Barfoed’s reagent and iodine solution, these reagents provided the investigation with credible and accurate results as the reagents stated above give good indicative results to the types of…

utilize lignocellulosic biomass as the substrate. The pretreatment process accounts for >50% of the total operating cost for converting lignocellulosic biomass into sugar, not yet accounting for the fermentation process into biofuel [35]. Besides, the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass by cellulase is usually complex, requiring a complete cellulase mixture of endo- and exo-glucanase as well as β-glucosidase in a suitable ratio [36]. These cellulase components act synergistically to…

The structure and function of carbohydrates (25 Marks) Carbohydrates are made from Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H) and Oxygen (O). A monosaccharide is the monomer sub unit of carbohydrates and can be joined together through a condensation reaction to form a glycosidic bond between the two monomers which is known as a disaccharide. The above diagram shows a condensation reaction taking place. There is a reaction between two monomer sub units, in this case α-glucose and ethanol, which involves the…

exponentially increase. The reason for the increased lactate concentration in the blood at high exercise intensities muscle cells release lactate into the blood to be converted back into glucose by the liver (see the Cori Cycle): the high rates of ATP hydrolysis in the muscle release hydrogen ions, as they are co-transported out of the muscle into the blood via the MCT— monocarboxylate transporter, and also bicarbonate stores in the blood begin to be used up. This happens when lactate is…

products of the transgalctosylation procedure which is catalyzed by the enzyme beta-galactosidase when using lactose and some other galactosides as substrate. Beta-Galactosidases are basically classified as Hydrolases. In this reaction mainly hydrolysis of glycosidic- bond is done in which the galactosyl acceptor is water. Transgalctosylation include both intermolecular as well as Intramolecular reactions.(Sako, Matsumoto et al.…