Extracellular matrix

Two important factors which contribute to the delayed healing of diabetic wounds are infection and over expression of Matrix Metalloprotease (MMPs). The MMPs are a set of proteases which play a major role in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling in case of normal wound healing. However when over expressed these MMPs tend to delay the wound healing process by degrading the newly formed ECM. It is observed that the MMPs are…

Cancer, Lysosomes, and Treatment Cancer is one of the most leading causes of death across the world. Several therapies exist to fight cancer. They include surgery, radiation therapy, stem cell transplant, targeted therapy, hormone therapy, and immunotherapy. One common therapy many chose is chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is cancer treatment using one or more anti-cancer medications that are given as a standardized regimen. There are several types of chemotherapy medications. Alkylating agents attack…

chronic interstitial lung disease of unknown origin that carries a potentially fatal prognosis. The course is usually indolent but inevitable 1;2. The disease damages mainly the alveolar epithelial cell, with increased interstitial deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), and enhanced fibroblast/myofibroblast proliferation. It progresses to loss of respiratory function and distortion of normal lung architecture 1;3. A variety of animal models of pulmonary fibrosis have been developed to…

alteration of the gene can result in osteoarthritis. Another thing researchers have found that can cause osteoarthritis is a rare defect in people’s production of collagen. Collagen is a triple helical molecule and makes up a major section of the extracellular matrix. This fibrous, structural protein makes up the white fibers found in, skin, bones, tendon, and cartilage. Collagen is an essential building block for mechanical resistance in multicellular organisms. However it is also a signal…

1. Diagram an individual phospholipid and a bilayer of phospholipids. Label the hydrophilic head, and hydrophobic tails in both. 2. Explain the Fluid Mosaic model of the cell membrane and describe the functions of the proteins that are embedded in the membrane. The Fluid Mosaic model of the cell membrane is a hypothesis that describes the phospholipid bilayer and it proteins. It states that the membrane is flexible - fluid - and has various proteins embedded in it - a mosaic. These structures…

Dental plaque is a diverse microbial community that forms on the surface of your teeth and is embedded in a matrix of polymers that originates from bacteria and saliva. Plaque develops when foods that contain carbohydrates, such as sugars and starches, are frequently left on your teeth. When you eat or drink foods such as milk, soft drinks, raisins, desserts…

the tendon which are composed of cells capable of responding to mechanical cues that alter the extracellular matrix. They exhibit high tensile strength that allow for the efficient transmission of large loads. The local cell population adapts to changes in loading conditions with normal, physiologic loads required to maintain tendon homeostasis and prevent excessive degradation of the extracellular matrix [14]. Load on the tendon during exercise lead to changes in the characteristics of the…

Introduction The infection at the wound site is a severe kind of problem and it delays regeneration of epidermis and dermis in the wound and slows wound closure. Due to the secretion of microbial enzymes by wound pathogens, a variety of extracellular matrix proteins were degraded. Synthetic antimicrobial therapy used in the wound management and eradication of pathogens. However, it has many shortcomings such as anti-microbial resistance, cyto-toxicity against host tissue and absence of…

Topical Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) Application In an animal model the topical application of NGF to wounds and ulcers leads to a statistically significant decrease in the wound perimeter (66%) vs. controls.[8, 23, 77, 120] Clinically, topical application of NGF leads to the repair of neurotrophic corneal ulcers, recovery of corneal surface sensitivity [36, 119] and diabetic foot ulcers.[73] Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF) Topical application of bFGF enhances the healing for operative…

Coronary artery disease is a potentially fatal and serious disease that affects the lives of many people all over the world. This disease is the most common form of cardiovascular disease in the United States. There is a serious financial impact on the population due to the prevalence and the severity of the disease. While there is no current cure to the disease, it is preventable. There currently are ways to treat coronary artery disease through lifestyle changes, pharmacotherapy, and surgery…