Essential amino acid

Proteins are important to human physiology and play an essential role in bodily function. Isoforms of proteins can result in increased susceptibility to many diseases. One such isoform can be observed in the polymorphic protein APO-E, which exists in the ApoE2, ApoE3, and ApoE4 isoforms (Mahley and Rall, 2000). The most common isoform is ApoE3, which is considered the normal isoform for the known physiology of APOE. APOE plays a role in transporting and metabolizing plasma cholesterol and…

Nutrition is a specialization in biology that examines how nutrients are digested, broken down, absorbed, and used in the body. Foods are composed of nutrients. Nutrients are chemical substances essential for survival because they provide energy and raw materials and support body processes such as growth, maintenance, or repair of tissues. These nutrients include Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins which are three macromolecules that play important roles in nutrition and digestion. There are two…

During the elongation stage, the peptide chain increases its length by cyclically adding one amino acid at a time. This process is controlled by eEF1 which catalyzes the delivery of aa- tRNA (1) to the site of elongation. eEF2 allows the ribosome to move down the mRNA one codon at a time by acting a translocase (1). Aside these functions, components…

Title: How Temperature Affects Protein Detection In Eggs Whites Introduction: Research Objective and Hypothesis The objective of this experiment is to gain a better understanding on how temperature affects how much protein is detected. Understanding how temperature affects the detection of protein can be used to more accurately measure the amount of protein in foods and supplements needed for life. This knowledge can benefit nutritionists and the general population. Hypothesis: If the egg…

We will be looking specifically at the total calories and protein in relation to wound prevention and healing. Carbohydrates and fat are also essential in diet, but the biggest nutrition contributors to wound management are the total calories and protein. Micronutrients such as supplemental vitamins and minerals may be beneficial as well. We will also discuss these. Calories provide our bodies with energy during the hyper-metabolic and catabolic state which the body is in when a wound is…

marine fish. The protein provided by the fish is among the easiest protein to digest. Expert also agree that, even in small quantities, fish can have a significant positive impact in improving the quality of dietary protein by complementing the essential amino acids that are often present in low quantities in vegetable-based diets. Thus, this shows that it is important to consume fish in our daily life. But in today modern world, there are two types of fish, which are wild-caught…

Creatine is one of the most beneficial substance that aid and help athletes improve performance. Creatine was first discovered back in 1832 when researcher Michel Eugene Chevreul “isolated it from the basified water-extract of skeletal muscle. He later named the crystallized precipitate after the Greek word for meat, κρέας (kreas)” (Creatine wikipedia). Even though creatine was discovered back then, it was dropped and then picked back up in 1912, when Otto Folin and Willy Glover Denis from…

Introduction: Enzymes play a major role in biological systems to catalyze and control different reactions. The study of enzymes’ behaviors toward substrates and products is significant to understand various enzyme catalyzed reactions in living organisms. One of the most important enzymatic group is cytochrome P450 (CYP450) which contribute to the metabolism of many endogenous as well as exogenous substances such as drugs. Although there are several subtypes of CYP450 family, CYP450 1A1 is going…

The assigned sequence was most closely matched via the BLAST algorithm with the retrieved sequence of Trypsin-1, accession no P07477.7 [1] (Appendix 1). Trypsin-1 is a 247 amino acid long protein [2] (Appendix 3) of the serine protease family, with a molecular mass of 26,558 Daltons [3] (Appendix 2). It is globular in shape and contains two regions of α-helices and multiple regions of β-sheets, as seen in Figure 1[4]. It contains disulphide bonds at residue positions 30/160, 48/64, 139/206,…

cellulose. The protists and prokaryotes can hydrolyze the cellulose, which the cow or termite can then use. Lipids A. Fats- A fat is made of a fatty acid and a glycerol. A fatty acid is a long carbon chain with a carboxyl group on the end. It is made up of C-H bonds. Glycerol is an alcohol. Fats are used for energy storage. Fats can store two times as much energy as polysaccharides. Animals use fat instead of starch because fats can store more energy with less space. The adipose cell humans use…