Diethyl ether

The Grignard reagent is an organometallic compound as it includes a carbon atom bound to magnesium and a halide, usually bromine. Grignard reagents must be prepared in an aprotic solvent, such as diethyl ether or THF, because the MgBr, is a strong nucleophile and thus a strong base. There must also not be any water in the solution for the same reason. As such, the solvent must be anhydrous, the glassware must be totally dry and the humidity should be minimized. There are several other side reactions that need to be considered when preparing a Grignard reagent other than reactions with the solvent. The first is the reaction between the Grignard reagent and oxygen dissolved in the solution, which produces peroxides. The second is the reaction between the Grignard reagent and the carbon dioxide dissolved in the solution, which produces carboxylates. However, these were not of major importance in this procedure because there is only a very minimal amount of these two gases dissolved in the ether used as the solvent. In order to completely prevent the occurrence of these two side reactions, the procedure muse be performed in the absence of air, which was too expensive and complicated for this experiment. The third side reaction is the reaction between the Grignard reagent and the original halide. As the Grignard reagent is a strong nucleophile…

Observations or reactions: Separation of the basic component: When 2ml of 3M HCl was added to the mixture of Benzoic acid, Ethyl 4-aminobenzoate, 9-Fluorenone, diethyl ether, two layers were created, an organic yellow top layer and a clear aqueous bottom layer. The clear layer (basic layer) was extracted and placed into a container where 6M NaOH was add to the solution. The addition of NaOH made the solution basic, and created white flakes in the solution. The white flakes were separated by…

To demonstrate their effectiveness in creating new carbon to carbon bonds, the Grignard arylation of 2-butanone was carried out. The Grignard reaction of phenyl bromide and magnesium, followed by the addition of 2- butanone yielded a crude product of 2-phenyl-2-butanol. The 1H NMR spectra was taken before distillation, showing the crude product, as well as after distillation, showing one of greater purity. In addition, an IR spectrum was taken after distillation. Both the 1H NMR and IR spectra…

This is because an ion does not exist by itself in a solution, as it is too reactive and will always be bonded on to something. The salt product formed is derived from the cation of the base and the anion of the acid in the reaction between benzoic acid and sodium bicarbonate. Simultaneously, 1,4-dimethoxybenzene has similar solubility’s with diethyl-ether and remains dissolved in the ether layer throughout the experiment while benzoic ion mostly remains in the aqueous layer. The ether layer can…

Introduction: Using solid-liquid extraction the fat trimyristin was successfully isolated from nutmeg. Using a chemical reaction called hydrolysis the isolated trimyristin was converted to myristic acid. Background: Solid-liquid extractions are common in everyday life and are important in a chemistry laboratory because they involve the separation of an individual compound from mixtures. Using solid-liquid extraction, which separates compounds based on solubility. Trimyristin was isolated from…

data make sense? Explain. 13. What was the identity of your product? What led you to this conclusion? 14. How might you go about identifying the product if your data was inconclusive? 15. What could you do to increase the yield in a future experiment? 1. In this experiment, an unknown benzoic acid reacted with NaOH in diethyl ether in a simple acid-base reaction to product a benzoate ion. 2. Acid-base extraction, recrystallization, and melting point were used to purify and identify the…

The major bottleneck for lipid extraction from the wet microalgae is the low extraction efficiency, because of the immiscibility of nonpolar organic solvents with water contained in wet microalgae {Yoo, 2012 #31} {Kim, 2013 #118}. Traditional method for lipid extraction from dry biomass uses a co-solvent system, which consist of a non-polar solvent and polar solvent {Halim, 2012 #7} {Kim, 2013 #118}. When the co-solvent system is directly applied to wet microalgal biomass, the microalgal cells…

magnesium turnings, and anhydrous ether were needed to form the Grignard reagent. To synthesize the reagent, react the reagent with methyl benzoate to form a tertiary alcohol. The objective of the Grignard Reaction lab was to obtain the actual yield of the product, to calculate theoretical and percent yield of the product, and to record the melting point of the product. Background The Grignard reaction is a reaction that form alcohols. The Grignard reagent is essential…

瀀瀀ract The purpose of Isolation of Bixin from Annatto Seeds using Column Chromatography was to separate and purify macroscopic amounts of pure bixin compound from annatto seed ex-tract.1 A mixture of bixin, methylbixin, and norbixin were extracted from annatto seeds. Bixin was then isolated from the mixture through the use of the column chromatography technique. The isolated bixin was characterized through Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) analysis, which displayed an Rf value of 0.317, which…

Ag Science Research Introduction Colorful chicks are quite a sight to behold in the springtime, but what are colorfully dyed chick’s actual purpose. For farmers and ranchers the main purpose of wanting to dye a chicken embryo is to “provide a practical method of identifying chicks from different groups of eggs” and to observe a group’s movement as they develop. However, the most popular reason for dyeing a chicken embryo in the United States is to provide whimsical bright colored chicks to give…