Bacteremia

Introduction/Review of Literature Introduction Hospital acquired infections (HAI), also known as healthcare associated infections or nosocomial infections, are infections transmitted to patients while in a hospital or other healthcare facility. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015), there were approximately 722,000 patients suffering from hospital acquired infections in the United States in 2011 of whom 75,000 suffered fatalities. Accordingly, hospital acquired…

Enterobacter spp. Enterobacter spp are part of the enterobacteriaceae family. They are facultative anaerobic gram negative bacilli. Their means of motility is by means of petrichous flagella. They produce acid upon glucose fermentation and are methyl red negative, voges-proskauer positive. Optimal growth temperature is 30*C .80% are encapsulated. E. spp have been associated with nosocomial outbreak and are opportunistic pathogens. They can cause numerous infections such as cerebral abscess,…

She had a history of treated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and endocarditis with involvement of the tricuspid valve. On admission, a cardiac computerized tomography angiogram (CTA) failed to demonstrate an aortic root abscess. However, an SVA was seen arising from the inferior right aortic cusp measuring…

In medical or science field, biochemical test are used to identify unknown bacteria. In this case three test are essential to identify the unknown #63 and they are MAC agar test, BCP (lactose) broth and SIM deep medium/slant. Methods such as streak plate technique, aseptic technique, and proper handling of the microbe are necessary to apply when conducting these biochemical test. Contamination during the unknown lab project shows carelessness and may put patient in jeopardy due to incorrect…

most common causative organism of inefctive endocarditis is Staphylococcus aureus (15, 17), and typically causes aggressive infection leasing to poor outcome and complications such as local valvular destruction, diffuse septic emboli and persistent bacteremia (17). Risk factors for endocarditis include injection drug use, prosthetic heart valves, structural heart defects, and comorbidities, such as diabetes (16, 18, 19). The Duke criteria, established in 1994 and revised in 2000, are a…

formation at the affected lymph nodes. The buboes, which are tender and warm, grow quickly in size and destroy the lymph node. From the lymph node, the bacteria can spread into the blood to the spleen, liver, bone marrow, and other organs, causing bacteremia and fatal septic shock approximately 3-6 days after symptoms start. Septicemic plague, which is seen in one-third of American plague patients, bypasses the lymph nodes and directly affects the blood. Its disease course is similar to that of…

bacteria’s Proteus vulgaris had no capsule on its surface. Finally, an acid fast stain was conducted to the unknown bacterial and it showed negative results. In conclusion, the microscopic testes showed that the most logical choice for the unknown bacteremia was Proteus vulgaris. However, conducting more biochemical test on the unknown bacteria will further prove that…

Introduction Clinical laboratories have relied historically on phenotypic methods (i.e. culture and biochemical tests) to identify microorganisms. This can be time consuming task especially with slow growing organisms such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Molecular methods are now well established in the diagnosis of infectious disease. . (Harwood 2012). For the purpose of this essay I will give a brief overview of both traditional and molecular methods that re used today. I will focus on the pros…

“You can find bacteria everywhere. They 're invisible to us. I 've never seen a bacterium, except under a microscope. They 're so small, we don 't see them, but they are everywhere” (Bonnie Bassler). Pathogens can be found all around us. Over 160,000 people die each year in the United States from infectious diseases that Pathogens cause. Pathogens can be traced from decades ago even during the geologic time. Many pathogenic organisms show ancestral traces in the fossil records from hundreds of…

intestines of animals, there presence in the intestines of animals makes it easier to get in the soil, water and sewage. In humans, this bacterium is known as an opportunistic pathogen which can cause multiple conditions which include, meningitis, bacteremia, pneumonia,…