Bacteremia

E. aerogenes has a BSL level of 1 but can cause urinary tract infections and bacteremia (Dworkin et al., 2006). It is a motile bacteria that can move around if media allows (Smalley and Kaltz, 2003). The typical appearance of E. aerogenes on complex media is round medium colonies that are slightly raised or flat with irregular margins…

Sydney Meyers Relative effectiveness of penicillin, neomycin and erythromycin on the inhibition of growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae Introduction: An approximate 1.1 million annual deaths worldwide are attributed to the to bacteria known as Streptococcus pneumoniae. Today, S. pneumoniae is among the most significant causes of bacterial disease in humans and remains to be one of the top 10 causes of death in the U.S (Hoskins, 2001). This pathogenic bacteria causes a variety of…

Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains were recognized in the early 1960s, moreover, they considered as a nosocomial deathful pathogen due to their role in increasing costs and bedridden length() In 2010 almost 15-20 % of patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia were dead.() One of the most important ways in controlling and preventing of hospital infections is discerning serotype of this genus that is based on DNA molecular typing methods.() Typing methods must be simple, rapid, with great…

pneumoniae remains one of the deadliest microbiological threats facing humanity today. S. pneumoniae is a Gram positive, diplococcus bacteria with ore than 90 serotypes1. Along with pneumococcus pneumonia, S. pneumonia can cause meningitis, sepsis, bacteremia, and otitis media1,2. It is the leading cause of community acquired pneumonia, as well as fatal respiratory infections globally, across all age ranges; severe pneumonia carries a greater than 20% mortality rate3. Structurally, S.…

with isotonic crystalloids unless they are contraindications. Patients with concurrent acute cholangitis should undergo endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERCP). Antibiotics is only recommended if there is an extra-pancreatic infection such as bacteremia or cholangitis. If the patient has mild acute pancreatitis without nausea and vomiting oral feeding may be started; solid low-fat diet may be started. Initially patient with mild acute pancreatitis were kept nothing by mouth (NPO) without no…

habitat with 37 C temperature. M.luteus rarely causes infectious diseases in human, but it is an opportunistic pathogen for immunosuppressed patients, such as HIV patients [4].Thus, M.luteus is associated with different diseases which are recurrent bacteremia, meningitis, septic shock, septic arthritis, endocarditis, and cavitating pneumonia in immunosuppressed patients. Also, this bacteria is associated with urinary tract infections. M.Luteus is known for its extremely low virulence, and it is…

Approximately 720,000 healthcare associated infections (HAIs) occur annually in the United States, with more than half of all HAIs occurring outside of the intensive care unit (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016). Additionally, about 75,000 patients with HAIs died during their hospitalizations (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016). Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CA-UTIs) are the one of the most common hospital-acquired infection, with an estimated 93…

improves the newborn’s ability to regulate calcium and phosphorus levels. Human milk protects infants from respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract infections, necrotizing enterocolitis, urinary tract infections, otitis media, bacterial meningitis, bacteremia, and allergies (Davidson, 2012). Breastfeeding also minimizes the risk for infection by delivering IGA antibodies, lysozymes, leukocytes, macrophages, and lactoferrin that inhibits infections. Infants who are not exclusively breastfed…

some cases, the infections no longer respond to common antibiotics. Boils, impetigo, cellulitis, and staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, are examples of skin infections caused by staphylococcus. Staph bacteria can also cause food poisoning, bacteremia, toxic shock syndrome, and septic arthritis (Mayo Clinic, 2014 June…

infection and meningitis (7). Neonates, especially those within the first 28 days of life, are particularly susceptible to E. coli meningitis and sepsis (7, 13, 35). Risk factors identified so far are low birth weight, prematurity, a high level of bacteremia and the absence of opsonizing and bactericidal antibodies against E. coli serotype K1 capsule (7, 20,…