Bacteremia

There were more than 11,000 related deaths reported in 2011. Between 2005 and 2011 overall rates of invasive MRSA dropped 31%. S. aureus is a leading cause of bacteremia and infective endocarditis, as well as postauricular, skin and soft tissue, pleuropulmonary and device related infections. The past two decades have encountered two clear shifts in the epidemiology of S. aureus infections. Age is a powerful factor…

patients receive hospital acquired infections and patients come into the hospital to get better, not to get sicker. CAUTI’s can lead to cystitis, pyelonephritis, and in severe cases, end up as a bacterial invasion in the bloodstream called bacteremia. Bacteremia can result in septicemia…

surgical site infections, which the statistics were taken from 10 procedures that were analyzed throughout previous reports. The report states that there was a “13 percent decrease in hospital-onset methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia (bloodstream infections) between 2011 and 2014” (“Healthcare-associated Infections,” 2016). We can assume that these decreases are due to better anti-septic techniques, both by nurses and surgeons. Although there was a change in these…

Enterobacter are ubiquitous in nature. Animals contain Enterobacter in their intestinal tracts allowing for further transmission of the bacteria in soil, water and sewage (Britannica). In humans, pathogenic Enterobacter, such as E. cloacae, result in bacteremia, urinary tract infections (UTIs), intra-abdominal infections, endocarditis, lower respiratory infections, septic arthritis, and CNS and ophthalmic infections (Medscape). The management of these diseases is difficult due to the organism’s…

humans (Agrawal and Murphy, 2011). Pathogen can be divide into two groups: with polysaccharide capsule and without (Agrawal and Murphy, 2011). H. influenzae can cause diseases such as otitis media in children, sinusitis, conjunctivitis, pneumonia, bacteremia and meningitis (Agrawal and Murphy, 2011). Pathogen have the ability to colonize, penetrate mucous membranes and enter the blood stream. Colonization is facilitated by polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP) capsular polysaccharide, by presents…

80-90’s / 40-50’s with her respirations mid 30’s. The NP was ordering a large bolus of fluids, continuing the antibiotics and steroids. We had noticed swelling in her left leg with heat and redness. A stat CT was ordered. The NP was question bacteremia due to a wound in the…

Jorge is experiencing primary nocturnal enuresis. Nocturnal enuresis is defined as urinary incontinence during sleep in a child five years or older. (AAFP, 2017) Primary enuresis happens when a child has not fully mastered toilet training. (URMC Rochester, 2017). The RN should collect a health history and identify if this is primarily a problem for the child or the parent. Enuresis can be a source of stress for a family and a symptom of anxiety. (Fleming, 2017). The nurse should also assess…

Introduction Cat scratch disease is an infection caused by the bacterium Bartonella henselae. As the name of the disease implies, it is associated with a scratch from an infected cat but is also transmitted through a cat bite and, in some instances, cat fleas (Forbes, 2007). The formation of a papule at the site of the bite or scratch is the initial symptom followed by lymphadenopathy. One of the most common causes of chronic lymphadenopathy in children and adolescents is cat scratch disease…

Listeriosis is predominantly a food-borne illness caused by the ubiquitous Gram-positive bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, initially recognized as a foodborne pathogen in the early 1980s. People most prone to the disease are pregnant women, newborns, elderly, and those with HIV or other diseases that compromise immunity. Listeria infections are associated with a high mortality rate, thus effective treatment and prevention are essential. Antimicrobial therapy Successful treatment of…

Over an eight year period from the years 2005 through 2013 more than eight thousand individuals have been diagnosed with cat scratch disease (cdc.gov). Evidence of some symptoms individuals would develop when they would contract this illness was first notified back in the 1950’s, but the disease causing agent wasn’t identified until the mid-1980’s. Even though this disease has not been proven to cause death amongst its victims it is still important to understand some key factors to be aware of…