Acetic anhydride

Exp D. Post Lab Questions 1. What is the purpose of the concentrated sulfuric acid in the first step? The purpose of using concentrated sulfuric acid is to activate the reaction of salicylic acid and acetic anhydride and produce the acetylsalicylic acid, which is aspirin. The sulfuric acid is used to protonate oxygen atom of a carbonyl group of salicylic acid. 2. What would happen if the sulfuric acid were left out? Removal of catalytic acid from the reaction would slow down or not proceed…

Introduction: Nitrous acid (HNO2) is used as a source of nitrosonium ion (N≡O+). The nitrosonium ion by reacting with an aromatic amine converted into a diazonium salt. As diazonium ion is a weak electrophile, it reacts with electron-rich, aromatic coupling agents to produce an azo dye. The products are mainly ortho and para due to the reaction being an electrophilic aromatic substitution Reaction: p-nitroaniline p-nitro benzenediazonium chloride Para-red…

strawberries, jasmine, and roses. The saturation of the ester along with its molecular weight determine the strength of the odor emitted. 3 Procedure: First, 1.005 g of 4-aminophenol was placed in a test tube, followed by 3.1 mL of water and 1.25 mL of acetic anhydride. The mixture in the test tube was stirred for five minutes and allowed to cool to room temperature. Then, the test tube was placed into an ice bath for fifteen minutes. The precipitate formed was then filtered using vacuum…

acetylsalicylic acid, is an aromatic compound containing both a carboxylic acid functional group and an ester functional group. Aspirin, being a monoprotic weak acid, is only slightly soluble in water and it can be prepared by reacting salicylic acid and acetic anhydride in the presence of an acid catalyst. 1.2: History of aspirin Aspirin was first produced about 110 years ago but the natural form, salicylic acid, found in plants (i.e. the willow and myrtle) has been used for thousands of…

Benzocaine was synthesized from p-toluidine in a four step synthesis. Each intermediate product, including N-acetyl-p-toluidine, p-acetamidobenzoic acid, and p-aminobenzoic acid, was checked for yield, presence, and purity through weighing, taking IR and NMR spectrums, and determining the melting point. Thin Layer Chromatography was used to ensure the completion of the final reaction from p-aminobenzoic acid to benzocaine. The yield of the first step from p-toluidine to N-acetyl-p-toluidine was…

Preparation: • The synthesis of aspirin in labs is very similar to the way of its manufacturing in industry. • It's considered an esterification reaction where salicylic acid, acting as alcohol, reacts with acetic anhydride, acting as the acid, to produce an ester, acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), and acetic acid as a by-product. • Concentrated sulfuric acid is used as a catalyst in this reaction. Industrial Manufacturing: • Raw materials: To produce hard aspirin tablets, we use…

these samples with the established literal values, their composition can be identified as salicylic acid, without traces of the desired acetylsalicylic acid. This leads to the assumption that without a catalyst the reaction of salicylic acid and acetic anhydride to produce acetylsalicylic acid does not accrue. In the lane of the acid catalysed acetylsalicylic acid only one spot had formed. When comparing this obtained Rf value with the established literal values, the identity of the sample can…

substantial amount of ester, alcohol, water and carboxylic acid was present in the round bottom flask. So to ensure a reasonable yield of the ester, an excess of the alcohols (2-pentanol, 2-butanol and benzyl alcohol) was used to drive the reaction faster. Acetic acid was used as the limiting reagent. The alcohol was used in excess. The researchers suggest removal of water via azeotropic…

Introduction: According to Drugs.com, “Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It works by reducing hormones that cause inflammation and pain in the body.” This includes conditions such as headaches, painful menstrual periods, toothaches, back pain, dental pain, migraines, arthritis and any minor injuries. Ibuprofen is also used to treat and reduce fever as well and is typically administered to individuals, both adults and children ages 6 months and older. Ibuprofen has been…

Keywords: Aralia continetalis Kitagawa; Kaurenoic acid; Phase I; Pharmacokinetics; Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry Abbreviations: AIC, akaike information criteria; AUC0-∞, the area under the concentration–time curve from zero to infinity; CL/F, the total body clearance for oral administration; Cmax, the maximum plasma concentration; CV, coefficient of variation; HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography; ka, the absorption rate constant; IS, internal…