Ibuprofen

Introduction: According to Drugs.com, “Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It works by reducing hormones that cause inflammation and pain in the body.” This includes conditions such as headaches, painful menstrual periods, toothaches, back pain, dental pain, migraines, arthritis and any minor injuries. Ibuprofen is also used to treat and reduce fever as well and is typically administered to individuals, both adults and children ages 6 months and older. Ibuprofen has been recognized by scientists and medical practitioners to be one of the safest over the counter medications available; however, many studies completed have discussed concerns about long term use as well as risks the drug poses on individuals. This research…

with fluid retention or ulcerative colitis. If you have previously had any bleeding in your stomach, or have high blood pressure (hypertension.) Have a narrowing of the arteries (peripheral arterial disease) or any problems with your heart, such as angina, heart attacks, or mild or moderate heart failure and If you have ever had a stroke. Ibuprofen may also cause stomach or intestinal bleeding, which can be fatal. These conditions can occur without warning while you are using ibuprofen,…

Pharmacodynamics: Ibuprofen is a NSAID with anti-inflammatory; analgesic and antipyretics effects are the results of the ability to block the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme system, leading to the inhibition of the synthesis of prostaglandins [6]. COX is the enzyme used for prostaglandin biosynthesis [3]. Both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes are involved with prostaglandin production. The inhibition of these enzymes results in decreased synthesis of prostaglandin thus decreasing pain, fever, and swelling…

sales. II. BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis is the most common musculoskeletal condition, with knee being the most affected area. Possible causes include age, injury, heredity, weight, athletic and other illnesses. It is a chronic condition with a huge public health impact. Statistical data showed more than 50% of people aged 65 or older experiencing osteoarthritis symptoms, including pain, stiffness or joint swelling due to the breaking down of cartilage. According to Therapeutic Guidelines, there is…

In 2009, according to Dr. Birnbaum of King Pharmaceuticals in a research report, healthcare accounted for $25 billion or 45 percent of the annual cost of opioid abuse. This additional cost is created when people are trying to get the drug because of the addiction it is creating for the user as they take the drug over a long period of time. This is how the government of the United States is then forced to pay for some of the costs the opioids that are being used by the individuals. To…

Based on our findings, the NSAIDs aspirin and ibuprofen do have an impact on the heart rate of the Lumbriculus variegatus worms as evidenced by Figures 2 and 3 above. We observed that caffeine also had an impact on the heart rate of the worms. We can state that our hypothesis was correct when it came to the ibuprofen solutions because evidence supports the claim that the ibuprofen does increase the heart rate in Lumbriculus variegatus. Furthermore, as the concentration of ibuprofen increased,…

Purpose Ibuprofen is one of the most common over-the-counter medications. It reduces pain and inflammation by limiting certain hormones. The drug is taken orally, usually in the form of a pill, and is absorbed into the bloodstream once it dissolves. Both human saliva and human stomach acid aid in dissolving the pill. Human saliva has a pH of about 6, and stomach acid has a pH of approximately 2. The purpose of this investigation is to discover whether the pH of a solution will affect the time…

Green Synthesis of Ibuprofen Green Chemistry is a new approach and perspective of chemistry that can improve human lives and maximize efficiency. It is a branch in chemistry that explores and examines techniques to reduce and eliminate hazardous and harmful substances. These harmful substances effect humans and the environment in multiple ways, the twelve principles of Green Chemistry can help minimize them. The twelve principles include prevention of waste, the design of less hazardous…

takes ibuprofen 800 mg PO every 8 hours as needed for pain due to the instruction of his primary care provider for treatment of chronic back pain. The average cost for a 90 day supply of ibuprofen 800 mg is $10 (Goodrx, 2014). Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication and it is also a COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor which results in the decreased synthesis of prostaglandins within body tissues (Medscape, 2014). Ibuprofen inhibits chemotaxis, alters lymphocyte activity, decreases…

ABSTRACT Dex-Ibuprofen–polyethylene glycol (PEG) conjugates (PEG-dex-Ibu) were organized and their prospective as a prolonged release method was investigated. PEG-Dex-Ibuprofen conjugates were synthesized as of Ibuprofen and PEG with 4000 Da molecular weights by esterification in the incidence of DCC and DMAP. The PEG-dex-Ibu conjugates were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, and DSC analysis. The solubility revise in aqueous system showed an improvement within the solubility of conjugates. The…