Acetic anhydride

Since acetic acid is considered a weak acid (strong within the scale of weak acids), there is a range at which the acetic acid and acetate will form a stable buffer. Using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation for buffers, it’s possible to calculate the pH based on the ratio of acid to conjugate base, or calculate the ratio given the pH and pKa value. Finding charge on a protonated amine: The pKa value given for the amino group on any amino acid specifically refers to the equilibrium between the…

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE of Eugenia jambolana Lam., DEFINITION Java plum berry begin to exist in India where it is originally called as Jamun . Eugenia jambolana Lam., is the scientific name of this plant. Jambolan , Jambas , Jambul , Jamali , Jambul, Black Plum, Java Plum, Indian Blackberry, Jamblang, etc. are just some of the other common names of Java plum berry from different parts of the world . It belongs to the Myrtaceae family or Syzygium cumini (also called as Syzygium jambolanum…

IONIC LIQUIDS Introduction:- Ionic liquids are actually salts that are liquid in state, normally referred to compounds that have melting point below an arbitrary temperature i.e. 100° C. Unlike some other ordinary liquids like water and gasoline, that are composed of neutral species while ionic liquids are composed of ionic species and ionic intermediates commonly known as “ionic fluids” and “liquid electrolytes”. In ionic liquids there is a species that has a delocalized species and the other…

Synthesis ofp-[1-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)-1-(p-Methoxyphenyl)Ethyl]Phenol (HMEP) 0.2 mol of phenol was mixed with the solution containing 100 mL of acetic acid in 200 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid in 500 mL five necked round bottom flask fitted with anoil bath, thermometer, mechanical stirrer, reflux condenser. The contents of the flask was stirred for a period of 15 min, the solution was heated to 65oC, 0.1 mol ofp-methoxyacetophenone was introduced into a dropwise to the solution for about 6 h…

INTRODUCTION 1.1What is an acid-base titration? An acid –base titration is the determination of the concentration of an acid or base by neutralizing the acid or base with an acid or base of known concentration. An acid-base titration is the analysis of the concentration of acids and bases; through this process an acid or base of known concentration neutralizes an acid or base of unknown concentration. The neutralization of an acid or base in acid-base titration can be measured with either a…

4.0 INTRODUCTION TO RESULT AND DISCUSSION This chapter covers the result and also the discussion on the experiment of lab scale soap production. All of the findings which are the analysis of pH value, saponification value and moisture content of the formulation soap bar is discussed thoroughly throughout the chapter. 4.1 RESULT AND DISCUSSION The purposes of the experiment were to identify the weights of materials to be used in the formulation of soap and also to produce the average quality…

Experiment 1 and 2 Recrystallization: Purification of Solids and Melting points Purpose: In the fist experiment, impure Vanillin was purified through the process of recrystallization. Desired solutes were recovered through the technique of vacuum filtration, and then dried to take percent recovery In the second experiment, a percent recovery of the recrystallized Vanillin from the first experiment was performed. The percent recovery of Vanillin was 77.18% A mixed…

TRIS Hcl, NBT, NADH, Ethanol, PMS, l-ascorbic acid 1. The superoxide radicals is generated in 3 ml of TrisHCl buffer (16 mM, pH 8.0) containing 1 ml of NBT (50 μM), 1 ml NADH (78 μM) and ethanol extract of sample (25 – 50 μg). 2. The reaction was started by adding 1 ml of PMS solution (10 μM) to the mixture. 3. The reaction mixture was incubated at 25° C for 5 min, the absorbance was read at 560 nm using a spectrophotometer (Schimadzu UV-Vis 1700) against blank samples using l- ascorbic acid…

Background : Stoichiometry is the relationship between the relative quantities of substances taking part in a reaction or forming a compound, typically a ratio of whole integers. In the lab that I did with my group we used stoichiometry to find out the decomposition of sodium biocarbonate. Sodium carbonate is just another name for baking soda, and that is what we used on our lab. Baking soda is also used in some food items, such as pancakes, waffles etc… When the baking soda is being heated…

B.Result and discussion Percentage air voids On the replacement of cupola slag we obtained the result that, on the percentages of 10, 20, 30 and 40 we have the Va values of 4.8, 4, 4.8 and 3.2 % which satisfies the morsth requirement of 3-5% and further we observed that the gradual decrease in the Va values up to 100%. So that for Va the replacement of cupola slag up to 40 % will satisfies the morsth requirement. Percentage of voids in mineral aggregate On the replacement of cupola slag we…