Solid

Solid solubility is whether that solid can dissolve in specific solvent or not. When a solid dissolve, the ions that comprise the solid will disperse in the solvent thus create a different concentration distribution within the solvent solution. Thus we can view this as a flow of ion from high concentration to low concentration (there’s a flow of ions) Electrical activity is the ability for electron to travel within the material. Specific solid material molecule will have free electrons to conduct thus allow electrons to freely move within the solid thus create a flow of electron current. Conclusion, they are mechanically similar because both create a flow of particles (ions, free electrons) that enable the flow of electrons current within…

A novel solid-phase synthesis methodology of N-substituted-2-aminothiazolo[4,5-b]pyrazine derivatives was developed. The key step in this synthesis strategy is tandem reaction of isothiocyanate terminated resin 2 with o-halo-2-aminopyrazine, affording cyclized 2-aminothiazolo[4,5-b]pyrazine resin 4. To increase the diversity of our library, Suzuki coupling reaction was performed at the position C6. Further functionalization of 2-aminothiazolo[4,5-b]pyrazine core skeleton with various…

The melting point of a substance is best described as the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid (Bruice 2014). On the molecular level, when a compound melts the forces between the molecules become weaker. This is because when a substances heats up the kinetic energy between the molecules increase causing the molecules to vibrate. When the vibrations become strong enough for the molecules to move around and pass other molecules, the compound that is being heated up starts to melt and…

During the extraction process, the sand bath was set to 20℃. The 1.00 gram of ground nutmeg was transferred to the round-bottom flask (RBF) using the plastic funnel. Three milliliter of tert-butyl methyl ether and two or three boiling chips were added into the flask. The black plastic connector was used just like the distillation column with air condenser set-up. The flask was clamped to the ring stand using 3-pronged clamp. The flask was lowered into a slightly depression in the sand without…

After the extraction, recrystallization, and determination of melting points for the unknown compound #4 were performed, and observations were noted, the results were obtained. The two compounds yielded were 4-tert-butyl phenol and triphenylamine. The masses obtained of each compound were 0.071g and 0.298g. The melting point ranges obtained are as follows; for the first the solid started to melt at 94 ˚C and was completely melted at 98˚C, and for the second the solid started to melt at 115 ˚C…

of ice and water the item will disrupt the rates of freezing and melting. The salt would be replacing water molecules to the substance and that effects the rate of freezing so that melting would be faster. Adding more particles into the ice water will make greater freezing point depression the lowest salt solution would be negative 21 degrees Celsius. Ice cream forms when you make it at home because salt would lower the freezing point making the ice cream colder. Ice cream is made with…

ethyl-4-aminobenzoate, and acetanilide, two of them were randomly given out, weighing 75 mg each. These mysterious substances were both placed in a 25-mL flask with 6 mL of diethyl ether. The substances with the diethyl ether were mixed together until the solids dissolved. The solution was cooled in an ice bath for a couple of minutes. Once the solution was cooled, 3 mL of 3M HCl was added and swirled into the solution. The top of the 25-mL flask was capped and the two liquid were mixed in a…

Dry Ice Properties Dry ice is a translucent white solid that is also odourless, non-toxic, non-flammable and slightly acidic substance (Department of Biology, 2013). Dry ice is the solid phase of carbon dioxide gas with the chemical formula of CO₂. It consists of two oxygen atoms bonding with one carbon atom. Dry ice has a low melting point of -79°C and it is also denser than air therefore when it sublimates to CO₂, it will replace O₂ in the environment and sink to low areas. Dry ice is a…

It was observed that it took about ten minutes for the bag to become opaque and thick. It was also observed that once the reaction tube became thick the mixture turned a yellow and orange color. Once the mixture thickened, in step twelve a 30 mL beaker was filled with ice chips to the 5 mL line. The mixture was immediately pouted over the ice and stirred with a glass rod. The mixture was stirred in the beaker until all the ice had melted. Then in step fifteen, vacuum filtration was used to…

occurring, generally inorganic, solid substances, with an orderly crystalline structure, and a definite chemical composition that allows for some variation. The following are examples of materials and whether or not they fit the definition of a mineral. Window glass is a non-crystalline solid that is synthetically created from silica, generally used for its optical transparency. Glass is an inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition. Window glass is not considered a mineral, by…