Nucleation

During the extraction process, the sand bath was set to 20℃. The 1.00 gram of ground nutmeg was transferred to the round-bottom flask (RBF) using the plastic funnel. Three milliliter of tert-butyl methyl ether and two or three boiling chips were added into the flask. The black plastic connector was used just like the distillation column with air condenser set-up. The flask was clamped to the ring stand using 3-pronged clamp. The flask was lowered into a slightly depression in the sand without touching directly to the sand. The mixture was then boiled gently at the boiling point for 10 minutes, removed from the heating, and settled for a minutes. The solids were then left behind while the liquid was transferred into the pressure filtration assembly as much as possible. The transferred liquid was then filtered into a clean, dry, tared 25 mL Erlenmeyer flask. In details, the filtration apparatus was prepared by packing a glass pipet with a plug of cotton. The obtained solution was then transferred to filter by using the pipet. The most of liquid was allowed to filter by gravity. When the draining process was slower, a pipet bulb was attached and gently squeezed to apply pressure to complete the filtration. The pipet bulb was then taken off in the depressed position to prevent the cotton from sucking out. The transferring was repeated several times till the transferring was complete. About 2 mL of fresh tert-butyl methyl ether were added to the solid in RBF, warmed briefly, let…

Freezing and crystallization are linked in that both processes involve initial nucleation followed by crystallization. Sonication is thought to enhance both the nucleation rate and rate of crystal growth in a saturated or supercooled medium by producing a large number of nucleation sites in the medium throughout the ultrasonic exposure. Two main theories which explained the mechanism of nucleation are Hickling theory and molecular segregation theory. Among two theories Hickling is most commonly…

syringae life cycle. This bacterium is Gram negative aerobic Proteobacteria. All known strains are plant pathogens. 5 It belongs to group of co called ice nucleation-active (INA) bacteria that are capable to create ice-nucleation particles (INP) in clouds. 6 It is identified a gene called ina gene present in INA species reported by T. Hill (2014). Product of this gene is protein called Ice protein that covers the bacterial surface. Only the ice+ cell are capable to create ice particles and it…

Coke and Mentos! explosion will be produced if the experiment is done using diet coke! But why? This is because coke has the greatest amount of acids and bubbles with out any reaction happening. This means when something such as mentos is added, the amount of bubbles (the reaction people look for when doing this experiment) will be greater than others. After researching the reactions of other soft drinks as well, I have found that carbonated drinks like diet Sprite and diet Dr.Pepper work…

Although many people believe that Diet Coke and Mentos causes a chemical reaction, scientists believe it is a physical reaction. Carbon dioxide is drawn to the Mentos, and it creates many small bubbles in the soda. All of the bubbles build up and create pressure within the bottle, causing the soda to shoot out. The explanation for this process is called nucleation. This process consists of bubbles forming in any place where there is a high surface area and a very low volume, places called…

by the reaction, but some were more interested in how it occured. In 1999, David Letterman, of the Late Show, featured kid scientists on his show as they showed this experiment to his audience. Since then, people have been curious about the science behind this experiment. In 2006, this experiment was featured on an episode of Mythbusters. They discussed the chemicals involved, but no meticulous studies have been made until recently. Placing Mentos in Diet Coke causes a mind-boggling reaction.…

all over the world love to see and recreate. People have tried many different ways to try and increase this amazing reaction by using pressure, fuel, chemicals, and all sorts of stuff to get a better result than last. But what makes the soda fizz into a huge soda volcano? It has to do with a process called nucleation. “Nucleation is the initial process that occurs in the formation of a crystal from a solution, a liquid, or a vapour, in which a small number of ions, atoms, or molecules become…

The theoretical concepts that underlie the Hot Ice experiment involve a supercooled, supersaturated aqueous solution becoming a solid. When a liquid is cooled beyond its freezing point but remains liquid is known as supercooling or undercooling, and being supersaturated occurs when the solutes in a solution exceed the saturation point. The sodium acetate in a supercooled state will rapidly change into a solid with the addition of physical energy or a nucleation site. During the transformation of…

The interaction between laser and liquid substance generates a series of mechanics-electric effect, thermoelectric effect and photoelectric effect, which will affect the grain nucleation, surface topography and the reduction reaction rate of the deposition. According to Nernst equation [10], the conversion relationship between the equilibrium electrode potential and the standard electrode potential is as…

Why does Diet Coke and Mentos create such exciting geysers? It is mostly caused by a process called nucleation, where the carbon dioxide in the soda is attracted to the Mentos. When this happens it creates so much pressure that the soda goes flying. So what speeds and slows down this reaction? Some scientists are saying the primary cause of diet coke and mentos geyser is a physical reaction, not a chemical reaction. All the carbon dioxide in the soda is squeezed into the liquid and looks for a…