Protein methods

three of these methods and briefly explain how each method tests for the presence of EDC’s and their degree of feasibility. Whole organism assay: This method is used to measure the physical effects of the disruptors on various wildlife such as amphibians, fish, birds and insects. Presence is determined by noting any deformities, reproductive deficiencies and/or developmental response in offspring that would normally result after exposure to the Endocrine disruptors. While this method is good at…

Homolog mecC gene Recently, mec C gene was found to confer ß-lactam resistance in SCCmecXI-carrying S. aureus. The mec C gene was found to share 70% similarity to mec A. Where as mec C encoded PBP2A homolog PBP2C, shares only 63% identity with PBP2A protein. In order to prove its role in Methicillin resistance, a knockout strain was generated.These stains have shown considerably reduced Oxacillin and Cefoxitin MICs in comparison with the wild type MRSA strain. Despite the fact that mecA and mecC…

There is a phospholipid bilayer in which the hydrophobic tails point inward and the hydrophilic heads point outwards. Inside this plasma membrane there is usually an integral protein, cholesterols, a protein channel (for substances that can’t enter through the phospholipid bilayer), a peripheral protein, and a transport protein to pump molecules. There are six main types of cellular transport: osmosis, diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis. Osmosis is…

putting GFP into plasmids and then translating them into E. Coli. This was preparation for the modular cloning experiment I performed in the second week. It was based on the golden gate model, allowing for a one tube digestion and ligation assembly method. I had a lot of autonomy but I enjoyed the supervised collaborative approach in the lab. During the two weeks I learnt a great deal: about several different experimental techniques, how to analyse my results and about how important patience is…

Enzymes are biological molecules macromolecules that catalyze chemical reactions. Enzymes are usually proteins; however, it has been discovered that some enzymes are RNA molecules. The molecules at the beginning of the process to which enzymes act upon are called substrates, which are converted to the products by the actions of the enzyme. Almost all metabolic processes require enzymes to catalyze reactions to a rate that is fast enough to sustain life. Enzymes increase the rate of the reaction…

Introduction: A human has thousands and thousands of different proteins, each with a specific structure and function. Along with their diverse functions, they vary in structure, each protein having its own unique three-dimensional shape. Proteins are polymers of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds. There are 20 different amino acids to make up all the different proteins on the earth. Each of the amino acids is composed of a central carbon bonded to a hydrogen, a carboxyl group, an amino…

major changes to the terminology for the public to easily understand. Adding emphasis to certain words, her audience can marvel and glamorize that finding protein in a strand of someone’s hair can genuinely be superior than DNA when identifying an individual. You can see this when she expresses how protein is better than DNA stating “Proteins…are, more stable than DNA and … more abundant in hair” (Sheikh 2). Both authors have a specific purpose for writing, making specific rhetorical choices for…

fat globules. It has the appearance of reddish brown crystals. Lipid is added to water in a test tube the Sudan III is added. The fat globules stain red and a separate red stained oil layer separates on the surface of the water. Emulsion Test is a method to determine the presence of lipids . Drops of lipid are added to test tube and shaken with ethanol. Water is added. A cloudy white suspension indicates the presence of lipid…

the uncharged tails face each other. This makes it easier for small, neutrally-charged molecules to pass through the cell membrane as opposed to charged and larger molecules. Within the phospholipid bilayer there is embedded proteins which form a mosaic patterns. The protein molecules are crucial in transporting substances through the membrane and cell signaling.…

In general, enzyme thermostability is an intrinsic property, determined by the primary structure of the protein. However, external environmental factors including cations, substrates, co-enzymes, modulators, polyols and proteins often increase enzyme thermostability. With some exceptions, enzymes present in thermophiles are more stable than their mesophilic counterparts. Some organisms produce enzymes with different thermal stability properties when grown at lower and higher temperatures. There…