Hormone

The hormone cortisol is a very important hormone for regular function in humans and many other animals. Cortisol is a steroid hormone (a derivative of cholesterol).1 It is produced in the adrenal glands of the kidneys2 and is especially important when an individual faces a stressor.3 Unusually high or low concentrations of cortisol will almost certainly have an adverse effect on regular human function. In healthy humans, cortisol is at its highest concentration when an individual initially wakes up in the morning.3 (Some research suggests that cortisol concentration is actually lower in the mornings for extremely overweight/obese people, compared to those with a healthy BMI.)3 Thus, it can correctly be inferred that cortisol assists…

Classification, Synthesis and circulation of PTH Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is also known as parathormone. There are four parathyroid glands that make PTH and consist of adipocytes and chief cells. These glands release PTH into blood to a number of places to increase circulating calcium concentrations. Serum hypocalcemia causes parathyroid hormone secretion, triggering increased serum calcium levels. The parathyroid chief cells have recognition sites for the calcium and has cAMP as a second…

Hormone is a biological process that involves signaling molecules. These hormones “are secreted into extracellular fluid, which circulate in the blood or hemolymph of animals. This communicates regulatory messages throughout the body” (Reese 993). There are many things that may trigger a hormone to trigger different responses within the human body. This includes intracellular proteins and receptors. First, intracellular proteins act with intracellular receptors. “Intracellular receptors for…

patterns of hormone secretion are humoral, hormonal, and neural. These hormone secretions are responsible for managing different hormones. Below is a description of each stimulus. • The humoral stimuli are responsible for managing the changes of the blood levels with non-hormone chemicals. For example, if the body was experiencing high levels of glucose, the humoral stimuli would trigger a hormone release from the pancreas known as insulin. Insulin’s job would be to bring the blood glucose…

Introduction In vertebrates, reproduction is primarily controlled by the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis. The gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons in the hypothalamus are key regulators of the hypothalamic neuroendocrine system mainly though the synthesis of GnRH (Moenter et al., 2003). The decapeptide GnRH is released from the hypothalamus in a pulsatile manner, and the amplitude and frequency of these pulses change throughout the estrous cycle (McCartney et al., 2002; Moenter et…

If there are any abnormalities to the natural release of the hormones within the human body that could negatively influence the human body in a variety of aspects at different stages of their life. Through the time period of a child becoming an adult they could experience poor growth to their height as well as their internal organs (You & Your Hormones, 2014). The lack of grow into adulthood could negatively influence their sense of well being, and increase their risk of heart disease and the…

There are several different types of plant hormones some of which inhibit or promote growth in the plant. There are also synthetic varieties of these plant hormones, specifically the plant hormone auxin which has many different synthetic compounds. There is not much data on the impact that these synthetic hormones have on plants growth rate in pea plants. In order to understand the impacts of synthetic auxin an experiment was conducted using natural auxin, naphthaleneacetic acid, and…

Thyroid hormone is an important hormone needed for brain maturation as it helps in the functioning of the brain throughout the life. Thyroid diseases have various clinical manifestations in adults like hypothyroidism causing lethargy, hyporeflexia and deprived motor coordination. Thyroid hormone deficiency can lead to irreversible brain damage depending on onset and duration time period. Subclinical hypothyroidism is usually related to memory damage, bipolar affective disorders, depression or…

I Blame the Hormones By: Taylor Aubin Organs and tissues that make up the endocrine system are the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, thymus, suprarenal glands, pineal gland, parathyroid glands, heart, kidneys, adipose tissue, digestive tract, pancreas, and gonads. The effects of the endocrine system are vast and impact almost every organ and cell of the body. This system produces hormones that help maintain homeostasis through the regulation of metabolism, growth, tissue function,…

Laboratory Test (1) - parathyroid hormone (PTH, Parathormone) Normal Findings: Intact (whole): 10-65 pg/mL or 10-65 ng/L (SI units) N terminal: 8-24 pg/mL C terminal: 50-330 pg/mL Explanation: PTH is secreted by the parathyroid gland in response to hypocalcemia. This test is useful in establishing a diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism and distinguishing nonparathyroid from parathyroid causes of hypercalcemia. Increased PTH levels are found in patients with hyperparathyroidism, in patients with…