Macrophage

start damaging the body by changing the environment surrounding them, which triggers the immune system to counter the attack. Macrophages, Neutrophils, Dendritic cells, and T-cells all play crucial roles in saving the body from the bacteria. Macrophages have the ability to swallow up to 100 invaders. They swallow an intruder that will soon be broken up by enzymes. Macrophages are responsible for causing inflammation by get-ting blood vessels to release water to facilitate fighting. Neutrophils…

It includes Mucus membrane, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), macrophages and antigen presenting cells (APCs). A good example of primary innate immune defense is the mucus membrane, which eliminates bacterial adhesion by ciliary movement or mucus in the upper respiratory tract (Fedtke et al., 2004). Bordetella pertussis…

It is extremely interesting how even though hemochromatosis causes a chain of negative effects on people’s bodies, it still provides the advantage of iron-lacking macrophages, which are more effective in combating diseases. A future research potential would be finding a way that can allow normal people to have iron-lacking macrophages that kill infectious agents more efficiently without suffering from the symptoms of…

Legionnaires’ Disease is a disease caused by Legionella bacteria, and is named after a convention held in Philadelphia in which members of the American Legion attended and contracted the illness. Legionella bacteria are found naturally in fresh bodies of water, and grow in warm water. People can be exposed to the bacteria from not-properly disinfected hot tubs, air-conditioning units in large buildings, fountains, or swimming in warm bodies of water and inhaling small amounts of said water. The…

tuberculosis is Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. It was discovered in 1882 by Robert Koch.It is the highly contagious aerobic pathogen which mean they requires oxygen to grow and it is non-motile.It is an intracellular pathogen which means that infects the macrophages of the bodies immune system.And the reason this bacteria is very effective is because of the waxy coat of Mycolic Acid that onvolves the bacteria.Thia makes staining very difficult and as a key virulence factor for the bacteria.…

Hypertension and Leptin The cumulative effect of Leptin administered for short term on blood pressure in the conditions of a healthy subject are negligible. The sympathetic activity of the nervous system is activated by Leptin in lean animals (Peckett, Wright, & Riddell, 2011). However, a balance is created by the vasorelaxation that is NO-dependent and natriuresis in the event which the blood pressure is kept constant. However, prolonged hyperleptinaemia leads to an increase in the blood…

stimulate the white blood cells such as neutrophils and macrophages to enter through the walls to the damaged area.…

Thymus Produces mature T cells through a process called thymic education. • Spleen Its primary role is to filter the blood of antigens. This is done by the macrophages and dendritic cells that capture the antigens. • Lymph Nodes Its primary role is to filter the bodily fluids of antigens, similar to the spleen, this is also done by the macrophages and dendritic cells…

The lymphatic system is a serious of ducts, nodes, nodules and lymph vessels among other structures and components that teams up to fight off bacteria and foreign substances that enter the body. The system is part of the immune system and it relies on various types white blood cells called lymphocytes that fight off bacteria, reduce inflammation, and respond to allergic reactions. The white blood cells are produced in the marrow of the bones beginning as stem cells. The stem cells…

Tuberculosis is a very serious infection which affects the lungs and other parts of the body such as kidneys and bones joints. The lungs are the cone-shaped spongy like organs that are located in the chest cavity and make up most of the lower respiratory tract. Their most important function is to assist oxygen from the air that we breathe to enter the red blood cells in the blood. These red blood cells then carry the oxygen around the body to be used by other cells that are found in the entire…