Before the inflammation stage, bleeding needs to occur. The muscle tissue is destroyed through a direct or indirect cause to the muscle. Blood is initially released into the area due to ruptured blood vessels. Inflammation is the bodys defensive system in response to an injury, it is a non-specific response (Hertel, 1997) that will prepare the wound for healing. This phase will happen a few hours post injury (After the bleeding phase has ended) (Watson, 2012).
The inflammation stage can be split into two cascades: Vascular cascade and the Cellular cascade. The vascular cascade begins with vasodilation, this happens after vasoconstriction in the bleeding phase. Vasodilation will stress as far as opening previously dormant capillaries. (Reference) The increasing blood flow to the area is due to the vasopermeability caused by histamine (Watson, 2012) and will allow protein rich plasma into the interstitial space along with water (due to osmosis). This then assists in the cellular cascade as cytokines stimulate the white blood cells such as neutrophils and macrophages to enter through the walls to the damaged area. …show more content…
The neutrophils will also begin phagocytosis which is the process of destroying and engulfing the dead cells. (Reference) Torn blood vessels are plugged by platelets as there is a higher content of fibrinogen to the area. The effect of this exudate also means that any irritant substances that escaped can be dilated. (Hardy 1989) Macrophages will arrive later on and assist by engulfing the remaining dead tissues so that new tissues can be laid down by fibroblasts. Macrophages also have an important job of releasing Macrophage Derived Growth Factors (MDGF) which activate fibroblasts for the proliferation phase to begin. The inflammatory phase lasts from 24 to 72 hours, depending on the severity of the tear.
The inflammation stage can be split into two cascades: Vascular cascade and the Cellular cascade. The vascular cascade begins with vasodilation, this happens after vasoconstriction in the bleeding phase. Vasodilation will stress as far as opening previously dormant capillaries. (Reference) The increasing blood flow to the area is due to the vasopermeability caused by histamine (Watson, 2012) and will allow protein rich plasma into the interstitial space along with water (due to osmosis). This then assists in the cellular cascade as cytokines stimulate the white blood cells such as neutrophils and macrophages to enter through the walls to the damaged area. …show more content…
The neutrophils will also begin phagocytosis which is the process of destroying and engulfing the dead cells. (Reference) Torn blood vessels are plugged by platelets as there is a higher content of fibrinogen to the area. The effect of this exudate also means that any irritant substances that escaped can be dilated. (Hardy 1989) Macrophages will arrive later on and assist by engulfing the remaining dead tissues so that new tissues can be laid down by fibroblasts. Macrophages also have an important job of releasing Macrophage Derived Growth Factors (MDGF) which activate fibroblasts for the proliferation phase to begin. The inflammatory phase lasts from 24 to 72 hours, depending on the severity of the tear.