Holy Roman Empire

of international relations. Furthermore, in the late 17th Century, Europe had fashioned itself a tenuous balance of power, as each empire anticipated for the pseudo-armistice to vanish so another attempt for European hegemony (and ultimately) global mastery could begin. Thus, this was the fundamental basis for both the Bourbon Monarchy (France) and the Habsburg Empire (Austria) in The War of Spanish Succession. Moreover, the desire to attain Spain would lead to an global war, where a myriad of…

Prussia: A Forgotten Nation From the rise and fall of the Holy Roman Empire - 962 AD to 1806- ("Holy"), to the American Revolution -1765 and 1783-, there have been many different nations to exist, then split up, change their names, or completely disband. Sikkim -1642 to 1975-, Czechoslovakia - 1918 to 1993-, Yugoslavia -1918 to 1992- and Neutral Moresnet -1816 to 1920-(Hoeller), all of these are either nations that used to exist, or nations that have gone through some name changes. Much like…

Charlemagne as “Emperor and Augustus” Throughout the eighth and ninth centuries, Charlemagne, also known as Charles the Great, greatly expanded the Frankish kingdom into what came to be regarded as the Carolingian Empire. During his reign, Charlemagne successfully led many wars of conquest that had been started by his predecessors and in doing so, regained the wealth that had been lost during the Merovingian Dynasty. In addition, as a devout Christian, Charlemagne was aided by his alliance with…

The Roman Empire was the most extensive political and social structure in western civilization. The Roman Empire started when Augustus Caesar became the first emperor of Rome. Although Julius Caesar is mistaken for being the first emperor it is wrong, he never held the title as emperor, he was more like a dictator. Augustus ruled the empire form 31 BCE until 14 CE before he died he said “I found Rome a city of clay but left it a city of marble”. After Augustus died Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius,…

very unappealing to Luther, and he voiced his opinion very blatantly in his piece, the 95 Theses. This piece of writing had quite a big impact on this revolution, it “began as a theological debate in a provincial university soon engulfed the Holy Roman Empire. Luther’s earliest supporters included younger Christian humanists and clerics who shared his critical attitude toward the church establishment. None of these Evangelicals, as they called themselves, came from the upper echelons of the…

that the people here place a high value on education. Yet, the city is also home to an amazing assortment of music and art. East of Frankfurt lays the city of Hanau. Home of the Brothers Grimm, Hanau is a city built onto of its self. Originally a Roman garrison, it has been witness to a multitude of changes through the centuries. Yet, one thing has been constant about Hanau…

The leader of the Roman Catholic Church is the most well-known religious leader in the world today. The office of the Pope was instituted early in the history of the Church. The Papacy was established much later. The leader of the church in Rome was a Bishop as was customary in the early church. In its origin the office of the Pope was not unlike any other office in church leadership, the term was not used exclusively at the church in Rome nor did it convey any special authority not available to…

After the fall of the Roman Empire in the late 5th century, the eastern Byzantine Empire flourished while the western regions disintegrated into fragmented kingdoms without any unifying authority. Europe was in the midst of its Dark Ages when Charlemagne was born in 742 AD. This time was marked by frequent warfare; therefore there were few cultural achievements during this time. Charlemagne became ruler of one kingdom in Germany in 768 AD, immediately setting out to expand his territory. Through…

The rise and collapse of the empires rely heavily on its polity. Among it, centralization is an essential instrument, which the government or emperor holds sufficient authority to control politics, military, religions and so forth. And a variety of rules built the direct centralized authority to concentrate the power, such as the Qin Dynasty and the Umayyad Empire. As for the Roman Empire, Augustus used a lot of indirect methods to satisfy people’s needs and his power at the same time. The main…

The Roman Empire, during its peak, made revolutionary contributions to social, political and cultural customs of the world. Romans were known for their adaptation of other cultures, especially Greek culture, and enhancing them to create a modern society. These enhancements are present in architectural advancements of the Romans, specifically their recreation of Greek baths. Roman baths, and their changes over time, reflect the revolutionary methods of Roman construction, societal structure and…