Glomerulus

This is joined to a collecting duct, which carries urine through the medulla to the pelvis of the kidney. Glomerular ultrafiltration: Each Bowman's capsule is supplied with blood by an afferent arteriole. It branches inside the Bowman's capsule to form a knot of capillaries, the glomerulus. These join up again to form the efferent arteriole, which take blood away from the Bowman's capsule. The afferent arteriole is much wider than the efferent arteriole; this means that pressure is built up. Ultrafiltration involves the filtering (under pressure) of small molecules out of the blood and into the Bowman's capsule. The blood entering the glomerulus is separated from the space inside the Bowman's capsule, by two cell layers and a basement membrane. * The first layer is the endothelium of the capillary. In the glomerulus, this single layer of cells has thousands of gaps. * The basement membrane between the two cell layers is composed of glycoprotein and collagen fibres. Its mesh-like structure acts as the filter during ultrafiltration. * The second layer makes up the wall of the Bowman's capsule.…

Results Understanding the structure of the kidney The kidney consists of two main regions the medulla region and the cortex (see Figure 12, 13, 14 and 15). These two regions contain about one million tiny filtering structures called nephrons. Each nephron consists of a very small filter (glomerulus) which is attached to a tubule. As blood is passed through the nephrons, fluids and waste products are filtered out. What can be seen in Figures 12, 13 and 14 is the glomeruli and the ducts.…

boundary. Nephrotic syndrome is not a disease of the glomerulus, but an issue with the how large proteins are filtered. Due to the loss of the protein plasma, the patient begins to retain fluid and experience edema. The high levels of cholesterol in the blood and urine are thought to occur because the liver produces to compensate for the high albumin production. Nephritic syndrome occurs when the glomerulus becomes inflamed and the capillary wall is damaged, impairing the filtration of…

Kidneys- The kidneys function to filter both toxins and additional not needed water. Kidneys have tons of nephrons which are tiny filters. A nephron is made up of two parts which are the glomerulus and the tubule. The glomerulus filters large molecules and blood cells from liquids and toxins. Then the filtered liquids and toxins go to the tubules. The tubule filters out more toxins missed from the glomerulus. It also gathers minerals and releases them back into the bloodstream. During the…

The renal artery supplies blood to the kidney. The human kidneys receive approximately 25% of the blood pumped. Blood enters the capillaries of the nephron through the afferent arteriole. It then flows through the glomerulus and into the efferent arteriole. The varying sizes of these arterioles help to create the hydrostatic pressure and to maintain consistency of glomerular capillary pressure and renal blood flow within the glomerulus Before returning to the renal vein, blood from the…

The outer part is called the renal cortex and the inner part is called the renal medulla. Nephrons are what make the kidneys work. But what are they? They are small independent processing unit that contains a glomerulus, bowman's capsule, capillaries, veins, arteries, the Loop of henle, and a collection duct. As we go along this speech you will figure out what some of the parts are. The nephrons have to filter the blood, but where do they get it from? The constant supply of blood comes from the…

Each patient took a urine test and tests were run to see what colour the urine was, this determines how concentrated the urine is. If the urine is darker and has a smell then the urine is more concentrated. If the urine is a light colour and no smell that means it is not as concentrated. Additionally, the urine was tested to determine the pH, glucose, protein, ketone, yeast, blood, nitrite, bilirubin and urobilinogen. Glucose levels are tested in order to test for the plasma levels; if the…

their axons through the cribriform plate to the glomerulus, which is a spherical structure found in the olfactory bulb (OB). OSNs are part of the olfactory neuroepithelium alongside sustentacular cells (for structural support) and basal cells (stem cells by which new OSNs are generated). In the glomerulus, odor related information are transmitted to mitral/tufted (MT) cells which are second order neurons. These neurons are extensively regulated by intrabulbar circuits as well as centrifugal…

Briefly trace and discuss the flow of blood in the human kidney. Blood passes into the kidney through the renal artery entering the glomerulus within the Bowman’s capsule. However, when traveling into the glomerulus it is split into fifty capillaries, which has thin walls. The solutes within the blood are filtered through the thin walls by the pressure gradient exiting between the fluid in the Bowman’s capsule and blood capillaries. The pressure gradient is regulated by the dilation or…

The urinary system functions to removes wastes from the blood and the kidney is known for filtration and absorbing water. The urinary system consists of a renal corpuscle (glomerulus and bowman’s capsule), a proximal tubule, a loop of Henle, and a distal tubule. The kidney filters about 180 liters and gets rid of about 1.5 liters as urine. Renal clearance is a measurement that analyzes the activity and efficiency of the kidney; it is the volume of plasma need for the kidney to complete remove a…