Glomerulus

streptococci and proteins from the antibody fighting against the bacterium which are trying to filter through the kidneys. Instead the two create a mass in the glomerular basement causing the immune system to misguidedly infect the kidneys. This causes the glomerulus to swell which then restricts filtration. The restriction result in a domino effect of problems. Clear…

Goodpasture syndrome is classified as an autoimmune disease due to B and T-cell mediated responses that result in the patient’s body to development antibodies against its own normal tissue, specifically the basement membranes of the glomerulus (glomerular basement membranes) and of the lungs (alveolar basement membranes) More specifically, the antibodies are developed against the noncollagenous domain 1 of the alpha 3-chain of type IV collagen). The noncollagenous domain 1 alpha 3 chain of type…

1) What is a difference between endotherms and ectotherms? The difference between an endotherm and an ectotherm is how their body is composed for regulating body temperature. This is important, as body temperature is key to maintain homeostasis. While ectotherms must rely on outside variables to regulate body temperature endotherms can regulate body temperature using mechanism within their own body. A major adaptation in endothermic organisms that is not seen in ectotherms is the large number…

Purpose: The kidneys are a very important organ responsible for removing nitrogenous waste in the body. Every day, the kidneys filter about 120 to 150 quarts of blood to produce about 1 to 2 quarts of urine, composed of wastes and extra fluid. To understand how this amazing organ works, it‘s important to explore and learn about each component. This dissection of kidney is a great opportunity to earn first hand on experience with the kidney and understand it role in the unary system.…

Acute Kidney Injury Case Study 1. AKI can be prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal. Prerenal is a decrease in blood flow to the kidneys and this leads to a decrease in glomerulus perfusion and filtration. During prerenal, Azotemia occurs and is the accumulation of nitrogenous waste in the blood. This results in a reduction in sodium excretion, increased sodium and water retention, and decreased urine output. Intrarenal has direct damage to the kidney. Nephrotoxins can cause structures to…

How periodontal disease enters the body In both humans and dogs, periodontal disease is an overlooked but serious condition. Periodontal disease is caused by oral bacteria present in the mouth that forms plaque, a filmy substance on the teeth. When exposed to minerals in saliva and allowed to settle, the plaque mineralizes over a period of two to three days and hardens into a thick calculus on the teeth. The presence of starchy particles in the mouth creates an ideal breeding environment and…

Introduction: When you first take a look at the maned wolf you notice it's similar look of it's face to a red fox but it's long legs are what make you take a second look. It kinda reminded me of that scene in Harry Potter and the Prizoner of azkaban ,when professor Lupin turned into that hideous werewolf ,with those freakishly long legs.Even though this species has the word”wolf” in it's name, and has a face of a fox , and the long legs like the ghazelle.It is in fact none of them. Genus…

A 94 year old female was admitted to the hospital with occurring symptoms of swelling (edema) in the both of the lower legs, shortness of breath (dyspnoea) and recent weight gain due to Congestive heart failure (CHF). CHF is a condition in which the heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to meet the metabolic needs of the body (Figueroa & Peters, 2016). The result of inadequate cardiac output (CO) is poor organ perfusion and vascular congestion in the pulmonary (left-sided failure) and…

Discussion The results of this experiment for the hypotonic treatment group did support the tested hypothesis that urine production rate should increase, while salt concentration and specific gravity of urine should decrease for this group. For the isotonic treatment group, the tested hypothesis was supported in that the specific gravity and salt concentration went up slightly, but was not supported in that the the urine production rate did not greatly increase over time. The findings for the…

The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) filters the plasma through the glomerulus capillary blood pressure and into the Bowman’s capsule hydrostatic pressure (Sherwood, 2007, pp. 508-509). The filtrate subsequently travels into the proximal tubular so that sodium absorption occurs. The tubular reabsorption is the filtrate that flows through the tubules and the substances of value returns to the perutubular capillary plasma into the blood stream (Sherwood, 2007, p. 506). Such that the body can…