Each patient took a urine test and tests were run to see what colour the urine was, this determines how concentrated the urine is. If the urine is darker and has a smell then the urine is more concentrated. If the urine is a light colour and no smell that means it is not as concentrated. Additionally, the urine was tested to determine the pH, glucose, protein, ketone, yeast, blood, nitrite, bilirubin and urobilinogen. Glucose levels are tested in order to test for the plasma levels; if the glucose levels are high in the blood it could mean the patient has diabetes. If proteins are present in the urine that usually means there is a problem with the glomerulus filtration because the glomerulus is supposed to filter out the protein from the plasma.
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She complains of thirst, frequent urination and lethargy; and in 24 hours her volume of urine is 3.8 L. Her urine is light yellow and has no smell, the pH level was 6.5. There are high levels of glucose in the urine around 110; there are small amounts of ketones around 1.5 mmol/L. There is no presence of protein, yeast, bilirubin, nitrite, blood or cloudiness/crystals and sediments in the urine. The diagnosis for this patient is diabetes, the presence of high levels of glucose in their urine and the ketones help identify the disease. The frequent urination is due to the glucose in the urine, it attracts the water by osmosis which increases the volume of urine. The thirst is due to the excessive urination because the excretion of urine causes the body to be dehydrated. There are some treatments to help with diabetes, but first the type of diabetes has to be identified in order to figure out a treatment plan. In order to determine if it is type 1 or type 2 diabetes, if ketones are present in the urine it usually means the patient has type 1 diabetes. If there are antibodies in the urine it is also a sign that the patient has type 1 diabetes. If the patient has high levels of uric acid and glucose levels then it is most likely type 2 diabetes. In addition if the patient has high cholesterol and low HDL (high-density lipoprotein) the patient most likely has type 2 diabetes. After those tests are completed, the patient will be diagnosed with either type 1 or type 2, the two have very different treatment plans. For type 1 diabetes the cause is usually when the body thinks the pancreas is a foreign material and attacks it. The cells destroy the beta cells in the pancreas, this results in the loss of the ability to produce insulin. Type 1 diabetes can be treated by an insulin pump or taking insulin shots throughout the day, having a healthy diet and regular exercise. For type 2 diabetes, the body cannot produce enough
She complains of thirst, frequent urination and lethargy; and in 24 hours her volume of urine is 3.8 L. Her urine is light yellow and has no smell, the pH level was 6.5. There are high levels of glucose in the urine around 110; there are small amounts of ketones around 1.5 mmol/L. There is no presence of protein, yeast, bilirubin, nitrite, blood or cloudiness/crystals and sediments in the urine. The diagnosis for this patient is diabetes, the presence of high levels of glucose in their urine and the ketones help identify the disease. The frequent urination is due to the glucose in the urine, it attracts the water by osmosis which increases the volume of urine. The thirst is due to the excessive urination because the excretion of urine causes the body to be dehydrated. There are some treatments to help with diabetes, but first the type of diabetes has to be identified in order to figure out a treatment plan. In order to determine if it is type 1 or type 2 diabetes, if ketones are present in the urine it usually means the patient has type 1 diabetes. If there are antibodies in the urine it is also a sign that the patient has type 1 diabetes. If the patient has high levels of uric acid and glucose levels then it is most likely type 2 diabetes. In addition if the patient has high cholesterol and low HDL (high-density lipoprotein) the patient most likely has type 2 diabetes. After those tests are completed, the patient will be diagnosed with either type 1 or type 2, the two have very different treatment plans. For type 1 diabetes the cause is usually when the body thinks the pancreas is a foreign material and attacks it. The cells destroy the beta cells in the pancreas, this results in the loss of the ability to produce insulin. Type 1 diabetes can be treated by an insulin pump or taking insulin shots throughout the day, having a healthy diet and regular exercise. For type 2 diabetes, the body cannot produce enough