Equilibrium constant

regulatory responses in the organism to maintain equilibrium. The equilibrium is essential to its cell’s life and ultimately the life of the organism. The response to maintain such equilibrium is an osmotic regulation, the regulation of the solutes in solution and the cell bodies. When a cell is in an aquatic solution, water, ions, salts, and other permeable solutes are frequently exchanged between the environment and its cells to achieve equilibrium. When the cell movements of solutes are not…

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND STUDY Wastewater in the textile , plastic, paper and cosmetics industry is a major threat to the environment. The volume of wastewater produced starts from different processes throughout from the pretreatments to the final treatment. The contents found in the wastewater are complex, having inorganic and organic compound chemicals in it and aquatic lives are at risk. Some of these wastes have even caused mutation in genetic coding of the marine…

Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) is a tool to study thermal emission resulting from non-radiative relaxation followed by absorption of radiation. PAS was studied primarily by Alexander Graham Bell, John Tyndall, Wilhelm Rontgen and Lord Rayleigh in 1884. For the history of PAS, was not until 1975 that photoacoustic spectroscopy started to be used as a wide range of different applications. This technique provides the following main advantages over the known types of spectroscopy. The advantages…

Purpose The purpose of the lab is to design an experiment to verify the spring constant for an unknown spring, also known as k, how much a spring resists change (compression or expansion). We used a method changing a mass and measured the change in x. Theory Free Body Diagram a=0 Legend: ¬¬ a-acceleration Sp-Spring N-Normal S-Surface E-Earth C-Cart G-Gravity y- Y-Component x- X-Component Mathematical Model Basic Equations: Force Equation…

1.0) The Ellingham Diagram 1.1) Introduction The Gibbs free energy (∆G) of a reaction is defined as the measure of the thermodynamic force that drives a reaction to occur. When ∆G is positive, it indicates that a reaction will not occur spontaneously while when ∆G is negative, the reaction is spontaneous. The Gibbs free energy equation is given by : ∆G = ∆H –T∆S ∆H refers to the enthalpy and is a measure of the actual energy that is released when the reaction occurs. A negative…

Without any background knowledge in economics, neither business I must say it was difficult to understand the principles of economics. However, after reading and attending lectures I was able to learn and understand a great deal of economics and how it relates to the economy. I will therefore seek to explain three important lessons that I have learnt from the course. Firstly, I will define economics and its relations to real life experiences. Secondly I will look at demand and supply and last…

initial pH and initial nickel concentration as shown in Fig. 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The sorption rate was rapid at the beginning of the period. It was observed that the equilibrium uptake of nickel by immobilized spent yeast was occurred after 2 hours. Kinetic studies of adsorption To investigate the sorption mechanism, the constants of sorption were determined by using pseudo-first and second order equations. The plot of log(qe-qt) and t/ qt against time were used and all data were tested…

The theory states that reducing the stressful factors affecting the patients was an important method of ensuring the state of equilibrium was achieved. Another method she thought was effective in achieving the state of equilibrium was using the adaptive and natural processes of the patient. Johnson’s theory originates from Nightingales theory that believes the main purpose of a nurse’s work is to ensure the patient recover and…

For instance if a copper wire is heated and plunged into a beaker full of cold water, the particles in the wire will transfer to the water until thermal equilibrium is reached. At the center of the second law of thermodynamics is a property of thermodynamic systems called entropy. Heat cannot spontaneously flow from a cold object (low entropy) to a hot object (high entropy) in a closed system because it would…

They outlined four criteria that determine planetary status for celestial bodies. The first is that the celestial body must be in orbit around the sun. The second is that the celestial body must have a large enough mass that it reaches hydrostatic equilibrium,…