Endospore

were gram positive rods, I could tell they were positive by the purple color to them and the rod shape by the comparison provided in the lab manual (Wilkosz, Peterson). After I confirmed the results I performed the spore stain, which indicated that my sample was positive so it contained endospores. The sample should have shown that there was a red vegetative cell and a green stained endospore (Wilkosz, Peterson), but I must have over rinsed with water because the cells appeared clear with an outline, and the spores that were seen appeared as black dots. c. The first test performed was the gram stain, the purple color indicated that it was gram positive, this removes all gram negative possibilities including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonaie, and Proteus vulgaris. Since I also observed that the bacteria were rod shaped, it excluded the cocci specimens Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. After performing the spore stain and noticing that there were spores, which concluded that it was Bacillus cereus. d. I had Unknown plate #12 which I determined…

Clostridium tetani Introduction and Classification Clostridium tetani is a bacterium that is gram-positive when stained. It is rod shaped bacillus with endospores production. C. tetani is strictly anaerobic and motile [3]. C. tetani is in most cases measuring 0.3 to 0.5 µm in width and 2 to 2.5 µm long. The motile state is made possible due to the projection of flagella that is distributed all over the bacterium’s body surface. With the production and release of spores C. tetani loses its…

Tetanus • It Is a nervous system disease define by muscle spasms that are caused by the toxin which producing anaerobe Clostridium tetani, and it is found in the soil. • The term "lockjaw" (which nowadays called trismus) one of the leading features of tetanus and it is painful and intense muscle spasm of masseter(1) • Tetanus occurs globally but is most often turn up in heavily populated area in damp, hot climates with soil rich in organic element.(2) Neonatal tetanus It Is a pattern of…

The endospore is a quiescent and tough structure that is form by some gram-positive bacteria that allows them to survive in harsh and extreme environments. Because only some genera of bacteria produces the endospore, its identification is important in helping us identify some bacteria. 2. What type of eukaryotic cells did we observe and how were they different from the prokaryotes we have looked at? (Be sure to include ways they are different internally as well as any observable traits) The…

The cells do not sporulate when they are actively growing, but only when they stop due to depletions of essential nutrients. When favorable conditions return, the cell resurrects. Therefore, the endospore can be thought of as the dormant stage of the bacterial life cycle. For example, if the bacterium encounters shortages of carbon or nitrogen, the cell will cease vegetative growth and switch to sporulation (Piggot 2004). A cell can remain dormant for years but can also revert to the…

Prions, endospores, and mycobacterium all are extremely resistant to antimicrobial treatment. Prions are extremely small, even smaller than viruses. Heat or formaldehyde aren’t very effective against prions. Endospores are extremely resistant to harsh conditions as well. They can survive heat up to 100 degrees C, drying, radiation, and majority of chemicals. Mycobacterium are extremely resistant due to their waxy cell wall. This cell wall blocks many things from entering the bacteria, making it…

They investigated the synthesis of silver nanoparticles by the spore crystal mixture of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Bt had been used because of its ease of availability and lack of seasonal dependence. The Bt strain IS1 was isolated from the soils of Bikaner, Rajasthan and was added to a mixture of silver nitrate to form silver nanoparticles [5]. The AgNPs synthesized were found highly toxic against many different multi-drug resistant human pathogens: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,…

cell morphology tests were concluded, five more tests were used to determine the identity of the unknown organism. Endospore Stain Although the gram stain established unknown organism’s shape and size, it cannot reveal the presence of an endospore. Endospores are harder to stain due to their resistance to heat and chemicals via the layer of keratin, allowing them to survive in harsh conditions (2). The identification of dormant endospores establishes identification of the unknown organism…

differentiation by form, an endospore test was performed. The endospore stain is useful determining whether endospores are present and can also help identifying the bacterium present in a culture. Endospores are a product from bacteria that comes into play when the environment is not favorable for the bacterium to live. The endospore production makes the bacterium highly resistant to a great number of situations like high temperature, low pH, etc. The endospore test steps start with the…

inside the cell walls allowing the crystal violet-iodine stain to escape from the cells leaving them colorless. And then when stained with safranin, they absorb the stain and change their color to pink. Hence the other sample is pink under a microscope. 2. Most Gram positive bacteria are endospore-forming bacteria. These endospores are produced by vegetative cells which are active bacterial cells that undergo metabolism and other tasks in the cell. When vegetative cells detects that nutrients…