Corynebacterium

Using the results from the sucrose test, Corynebacterium bovis could be eliminated because it’s test for sucrose was negative and unknown microbe #7 was positive for sucrose. Lastly, using the results from the glucose test as well as the methyl-red test, which helped identify which fermentation pathway was being used: the acid fermentation pathway or butanediol pathway, unknown microbe #7 was finally identified. After testing for methyl-red, it was concluded that unknown microbe #7 was Corynebacterium xerosis because the glucose test for Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum was negative, meaning the microbe didn’t ferment glucose, and unknown microbe #7 did ferment…

antibiotic. The numbers on the table in the Microbiology Lab Manual represented whether the microbe was resistant, shown in the light blue color on the graph, intermediate, shown in purple, or sensitive to the antibiotic, shown in the periwinkle color. As shown in figure 1 above, indicated with a yellow line, each antibiotic tested on unknown microbe #7 turned out to be sensitive. The diameters of the cleared out areas were vancomycin: 21mm, erythromycin: 27mm and ciproflaxin 27mm. This…

Corynebacterium diphtheria targets cells of the mucosa membranes of the upper respiratory tract and cutaneous tissues of the skin. Rarely, infection can occur at other mucosal sites such as the eyes, ears, or genitals (CDC, 2016). C. diphtheria bacteria produce an exotoxin, diphtheria toxin, and release it to their external environment at the site of infection. From there, the toxin can travel through the bloodstream and affect different cells throughout the body, and block their protein…

It consists of a combination of two antibacterial agents, bacitracin (C66H101N17O16SZn) and neomycin (C23H46N6O13). Bacitracin is mainly active against gram-positive organisms, such as Clostridia, Corynebacterium Diphtheriae, Hemolytic streptococci, Staphylococci, Treponema. Bacitracin is also active on some gram-negative pathogens such as Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria, in addition to Actinomycetes and Fusobacteria. Resistance to bacitracin is extremely uncommon. Meanwhile, neomycin acts on…

Diphtheria is a serious infectious disease, which is tackle successfully in the developed world through vaccinations. Caused by the bacteria – Corynebacterium Diphtheriae, the disease continues to be a major risk in areas not covered well by immunization programs. India for instance reported 4071 cases in 2014, with 104 deaths. Altogether 7321 cases of Diphtheria were reported to the WHO in 2014. Diphtheria usually affects the mucous membrane of the nose and throat, leading to sore throat,…

Starting in 1990, Diphtheria outbreak had spread to all of the Newly Independent States (NIS) of the former Soviet Union by the end of 1994. There were over 150,000 cases resulting in 5,000 deaths from 1990 to 1998. Diphtheria is caused by a pathogenic bacterium called Corynebacterium diphtheriae. During the period when NIS gained their independence, the health care system in the former Soviet Union was so bad that Russian president, Vladimir Putin, had to call a national emergency when the…

or culminating in death. Another disease during this period known as diphtheria further preyed heavily on children resulting in the death of half of those in contact with the disease. Complications from diphtheria led to blockage of the airway, damage to the heart muscle, and damage to nerve tissues resulting in paralysis and lung infections. Fortunately, the year 1890 was also the year in which tetanus and diphtheria would be rivaled with the promise of a vaccine. During this year, Emil Von…

1. The biggest potential source of contamination of the locations we tested in the Distribution of Microorganisms would have to be the floor of the lab. The reason why this is the biggest potential source of contamination is because multiple people are coming in everyday from the outside world, bringing in microorganisms from the outside into the lab. And although we sanitize the counter and all the spaces that we work around, we don’t take precautions to necessarily clean the floor, making it…

toxin associated with ‘whooping cough’. This toxin disables the cAMP Gi subunit, over activating adenylate cyclase resulting in misregulation of biological signaling. It remains unclear if the pertussis toxin is the direct cause of ‘whooping cough’, however, it is not associated with the peripheral eschar swelling of cutaneous anthrax. Answer C: Cholera toxin, associated with Vibrio Cholera, is an ADP ribosylating A-B toxin associated with ‘rice-water’ diarrhea. This toxin permanently activates…

oral cavity as there are many different niches. Streptococcal anaerobes inhabit the gingival crevice. ‘The pharynx can be a point of entry and initial colonization for Neisseria, Bordetella, Corynebacterium, and Streptococcus spp.’ Davis (1996). S. mutans is implicated to cause cavities and periodontitis leading to tooth loss. Periodontitis is also linked to heart disease. Ouyang et al (2000). The vaginal flora changes with the age, diet and hormone levels of the individual. Transient organisms…