Endospore

and other stress factors (Sorg et al., 2014). It has also been predicted that toxin production by C. difficile is also regulated by nutrient limiting settings. Such an environment must be regulated in the large intestine since toxin production, endospores and clinical symptoms or disease is only seen in the large intestine and colon (Koenigsknecht et al.,…

Abstract Experiment 3-14 of the Microbiology: Laboratory Theory & Application lab manual was conducted to utilize the various morphological characteristics of organisms for the identification of unknown broth culture sample #26. Staining techniques including the gram stain and capsule stain were applied to initially describe the sample as a gram-positive staphylococci bacterium. Upon further examination and comparison with the gram-positive control, the microorganism was correctly described as…

morphological, physiological, and biochemical experiments, one was able to gather results that revealed that the environmental isolate is a Gram-negative bacillus that grows best at 37 °C. Additionally, it is a non-motile obligate aerobe that produces endospores, possesses a capsule, and is a non-hemolytic microorganism. Through these experiments along with other significant tests one was able to determine the species as Bacillus anthracis. The species Bacillus anthracis can live in the soil…

information needed to survive (Department of Biological Sciences, 2015). However certain Gram positive bacteria are able to form endospores as a survival strategy through a process called sporulation, which happens when the bacteria experiences environmental stress, such as starvation due to limited nutrient sources. Sporulation is an asymmetrical cell division that produces an endospore which is extremely resistant to heat and desiccation and will lay dormant until it is germinated (Slonczewski…

known to be mesophiles that live in temperatures ranging from 25 to 35 degree Celsius. According to Microbewiki2 the optimal temperature for B. subtilis growth is 37o C. In addition, B. subtilis live in a harsh environment, however the formation of endospores helps it survive within those…

The mutualistic relationship between fig trees and fig wasps plays an important role for the reproductive fitness of each species. Normally, fig wasps pollenate the fig tree’s compound flowers (syconiums) at the expense of the tree providing a suitable environment for the fig wasps to reproduce in the syconium’s flowers. However, with almost every mutualism there are ‘cheaters’ that will try to take advantage of the benefits without bringing anything to the table. In this case, pollen-free fig…

This paper will discuss two different issues disinfectants and antimicrobial agent susceptibility testing/resistance. To better understand disinfectants we will further explore topics such as: the meaning of bactericidal, bacteriostatic, virucidal, and fungistatic; the importance of using a control culture when evaluating disinfectants; factors that can impact the activity of disinfectants; microorganism having different responses to disinfectants; and identifying the microorganism susceptible…

“Clostridium perfringens is a nonmotile, encapsulated, endospore-forming, gram-positive rod. It is classified as an anaerobe since no colonies arise when agar plates streaked with this bacterium are incubated in the air.” (University of Pittsburgh School of medicine, Par 2) Clostridium perfringens are bacteria that produce toxins harmful to humans. This bacteria are found anywhere in the environment. Basically clostridium perfringens are food poisoning bacteria. Clostridium perfringens is a…

Introduction The existence of Chlamydia trachomatis has only been acknowledged for a little bit over a century. The microorganism was discovered in 1907 by scientists Ludwig Halberstaedter and Stanislaus von Prowazek when they detected it in scrapings of the conjunctiva of an infected orangutan (Budai, 2007). The duo found that similar microbes were found in humans as well. The affected areas were the urethra of males, cervices of women and the eyes of their infants (Dimitrakov, 2002).…

Describe the structure and function of bacteria in comparison to a virus Both bacteria and viruses are mircoogranmisms. Viruses are small obligate intracellular parasites, which by definition contain either a RNA or DNA genome surrounded by a protective, virus-coded protein coat called a caspid. They are classed as non-living because they cannot surive on their own. Conversley, bacteria are single celled livng microbes. The cell structure is simpler than that of other organisms as there is no…