Endospore

Clostridium perfringens is typically found in soil and if this is eaten or coming in contact with the animal it can cause variety of diseases, especially in domestic animals. These diseases include different enteric syndromes such as bovine and ovine enterotoxemia, fowl necrotic enteritis, and lamb dysentery. Strains of most toxin types like alpha and beta toxin have been involved in necrotic enteritis beta toxin is caused by type-C strains. The pulpy kidney disease is caused by type-D strains…

biofilms which contain several B. subtilis all traveling in the same direction (1). It has a circular DNA chromosome that contains 4,185 protein sequences, with a total of 4,215,606 base pairs, and no additional plasmids (2). B. subtilis can form endospores that provide some heat, chemical, and radiation resistance to the bacterium, and these spores…

Experimental trials were performed by students over a timeframe of three weeks to determine the identity of three unknown bacteria contained in broth medium stored in labeled test tubes that were randomly assigned containing: one Gram positive bacterium, one Gram-negative paracolon, and one Gram-negative coliform (Carson, 2016). The unknown sample assigned in this experiment was #19. After initially streaking the solution on clean streak plates and TSA agar, the identity was determined from a…

of food through microorganisms. Botulism is a form of food poisoning caused by the microorganism Clostridium botulinum. Clostridium botulinum is a gram-positive bacterium, bacillus in shape, and is an obligate anaerobe.1 The bacterium can produce endospores, making it resistant to microbial control methods. Clostridium botulinum survives in nonliving reservoirs1 . It is commonly found in soil and large bodies of water. The classification of the bacteria is shown below in table 1. Clostridium…

1. Describe what may occur if hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity occur as a result of drug use. Hepatotoxicity is when the liver detoxifies and metabolizes foreign chemicals in the blood. It can be damaged by drugs or their metabolic products. If liver cells are injured, enzymatic abnormalities usually occur which is when fatty liver deposits form, hepatitis occurs, and in the worst cases liver failure can result. Nephrotoxicity occurs when nephron tubules and/or filtration abilities of the…

Tetanus, also known as lockjaw, is an acute and potentially life-threatening infection caused by toxins released from the bacteria Clostridium tetani. It is commonly found in soil, fecal matter and dust in areas that tend to by hot and humid. The bacteria enter the body through open wounds or cuts, causing bacterial infection in those that have not been vaccinated or have not received the proper vaccination. Tdap should be administered in three doses during normal childhood vaccinations and it…

Materials and method Microorganisms are classified in to the three domains of life. The organism that is predominately found in our environment is bacteria closely followed by archaea and eukaryote. Although, microorganism might seem similar, they are different interims of their structures, biochemical composition, and the habitat they adopt. Conducting an extensive test on microorganism has many benefits. We can protect our self’s from different types of infectious disease. In the unknown…

Impetigo is the most common bacterial infection in children. This is a highly contagious infection of the superficial layers of the epidermis and is primarily caused by Streptococcus pyogenes or Staphylococcus aureus (1). Sometimes Streptococcus or strep bacteria can cause impetigo. It is most common in children between the ages of two and six, although anyone can become infected. The most common form of impetigo is called Impetigo contagiosa. This type usually starts as a red sore on your…

Introduction When Kudzu, Pueraria montana var. lobata, was first introduced to the United States no one suspected that the semi-woody vine would be capable of enveloping forests across the country. Today, the plant sprawls across an estimated 810,000 hectares of land from Eastern Texas to Florida all the way up to Kentucky. When it was originally planted, Kudzu was seen as a “miracle” plant, able to grow extremely quickly and stop erosion dead in its tracks. Given continuous encouragement by the…