Anthrax toxin

a green stained endospore (Wilkosz, Peterson), but I must have over rinsed with water because the cells appeared clear with an outline, and the spores that were seen appeared as black dots. c. The first test performed was the gram stain, the purple color indicated that it was gram positive, this removes all gram negative possibilities including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonaie, and Proteus vulgaris. Since I also observed that the bacteria were rod shaped, it excluded the cocci specimens Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. After performing the spore stain and noticing that there were spores, which concluded that it was Bacillus cereus. d. I had Unknown plate #12 which I determined contained Bacillus cereus. 2. Anthrax infection caused by Bacillus anthracis. a. Description of Bacillus anthracis. i. Bacillus anthracis can enter the body in four different ways: cutaneous, ingestion, injection, and inhalation. The endospores found in this bacteria live in the soil, a break in the skin can be exposed to contaminated water or soil. Farm animals could ingest the bacteria where they will begin to grow. Once that animal is made into meat for human consumption, especially when undercooked, the person consuming that meat could become infected. Those who inject heroin into their system, only cases known have been in Europe, run a risk of the infection. Inhalation of the spores can be from those who work with animal products, if some of those animals were…

the anthrax toxins, through a special channel in the cell membrane. Then this ATP is sensed by a receptor that is located on a second macrophage, which will assemble and activate…

If there is one disease that is deadly for both Animals and Humans it would be anthrax. It is an infectious disease of animals and humans. The causation of it is a bacterium called Bacillus anthracis that mostly affects cattle, hogs, sheep, horses, and goats (MedlinePlus, 2016). This disease can be fatal for these sort of animals, and it kills its host by producing a toxin that kills the cells causing fluid to build up in the body’s tissues (Mock, Michele, Fouet, & Agnes, 2001). Adding to its…

1. A 39 year old US postal worker notices an area of redness and swelling on his left lateral forearm. Six days later he notices that the rash, which is painless, now appears black and swollen. He becomes concerned and goes to the emergency department, where he is subsequently diagnosed with cutaneous anthrax. Which of the following mechanisms is most likely associated with the swelling that surrounds the black rash? A. SNARE protein cleavage B. Overactivation of adenylate cyclase by disabling…

Anthrax, smallpox and plague potential bioterrorism agents and are caused by microbial pathogens. Bioterrorism is the deliberate release of viruses, bacteria, or other germs (agents) used to cause illness or death in people, animals, or plants. These agents are typically found in nature, but it is possible that they could be changed to increase their ability to cause disease, make them resistant to current medicines, or to increase their ability to be spread into the environment. These…

without any contact from another human or animal. For instance through weaponing of a bio agent, which is the process of using an aerosol device to disseminate the bio agent in the air over a large population. Anthrax is easy to make, since it can be found in nature all around the world and anthrax has been used as a biological agent for centuries, which makes it very dangerous. Anthrax can spread through physical contact, but is not contagious. Anthrax, which is an inactive bacterium that can…

Anthrax is thought to be an ancient illness. While there is no way to be completely sure, as it was not referred to as anthrax at the time, many scholars date anthrax all the way back to 700 BC during the periods of ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia (CDC, 2016). According to the CDC, “Many scholars think that in Moses’ time, during the 10 plagues of Egypt, anthrax may have caused what was known as the fifth plague, described as a sickness affecting horses, cattle, sheep, camels and oxen” (CDC,…

and without an attorney. Also allowed by this act the ability for the cia to spy on american citizens (Ten Big). However sentors Tom Daschle and Patrick Leahy were holding up the passing og the patriot act because they realized it would suspend the right of habeas corpus. Lucky for the bush administration these senators got a letters filled with anthrax which killed both of them. These letters were supposably written by Al Qaeda members but there are some major problems with that claim. For…

Bacillus anthraces is an intense irresistible malady brought on by Bacillus anthraces, a spore shaping, gram-positive bacillus. Related malady happens most much of the time in sheep, goats, and dairy cattle, which get spores through ingestion of polluted soil. People can get to be tainted through skin contact, ingestion, or inward breath of B. anthraces spores from contaminated creatures or creature items (as in "fleece sorter's infection" from introduction to goat hair). Individual…

Anthrax is an acute infectious disease caused by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis. This zoonotic disease occurs naturally in many areas of the world, most commonly in agricultural regions with inadequate control programs for anthrax in livestock. The anthrax spores are the major form of the bacterium in the environment and anthrax is contracted via spore uptake. Resistance to dehydration, heat, ultraviolet light, gamma radiation and many disinfectants makes anthrax spores ideal…